The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner :: essays research papers

In Samuel Taylor Coleridges poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the author uses the story of a sailor and his adventures to reveal aspects of life. This tale follows the Mariner and his crew as they travel between the equator and the south pole, and then back to England. The authors use of symbolism lends the work to adults as a complex web of representation, rather than a childrens book about a sailor.First, in the poem, the ship symbolizes the body of man. The ship experiences trials and tribulations just as a real person does. Its carrying the Mariner (symbolizing the individual soul) and crew shows that Coleridge saw the body as a mere vessel of the soul. This symbol of a boat is an particularly powerful one, because one steers a ship to an extent, yet its fate lies in the hands of the winds and currents.Secondly, the albatross symbolizes deliveryman. Just as the Mariner senselessly slays the bird, man crucifies Christ whose perfection is unchallenged. Even though Christ rep resents mankinds one chance at achieving Heaven, man continues to persecute Him. The albatross symbolizes the sailors one chance at deliverance from cold death and the Mariner shoots him.Thirdly, the South Pole symbolizes Hell. No visible wind blows the unfortunate crew toward the South Pole. Rather, an unseen force pulls them there. Such is the case when the worlds temptations steerer one to Hell. Just as the sailors approach far to close to this icy purgatory, their Redeemer, the albatross, or at least his spirit, leads them safely back in the right direction.Fourthly, in the poem England symbolizes Heaven. When the Mariner first sees his country, a great sense of hope and joy overcome him. At the point when the Mariner is about to enter Heaven, the body, symbolized by the ship, must die.

aristotle Essay examples -- essays research papers

Aristotle regimeAristotle in his book politics, argues that the political association is the highest form of human association , and making all his conclusions found on the assumption that polis is the best and only sensible political system. He further adds that political association is the most sovereign and aims at the highest goodPolitics is largely an attempt to determine or rather prove that political association is the best suited way for securing the happiness of its members or as called in politics the citizens .The interest of the polis and its citizens were seen to be the same since both the city and man aimed for happiness as the ultimate goal. According to Aristotle, life has no existence extraneous the confines of the city and that it is not the city that exists to serve the needs of the several(prenominal) but is a mere part and the city is more important than the individualAristotles admiration of the social system in a polis shows his support to the slavery. The polis consisted of citizens which men were born to citizen parents women children and slaves. Men were considered to be the only judicious creation and had to engage and contribute in the political association of the city, while slaves were used for work. Aristotles above argument had some major weakness and flaws in it, he address the salves as non-rational, and its in there best interest to serve there masters, who would give them a rational vision. The main drawbac...

AIDS in Africa :: HIV AIDS essays research papers

The AIDS epidemic has reached disastrous proportions on the continent of Africa. Over the noncurrent two decades, two thirds of the more than 16 million people in the world infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus), which causes AIDS, live in sub-Saharan Africa. It is flat home to the largest number of people infected, with 70 percent of the worlds human immunodeficiency virus infected population. The problem of this ongoing human tragedy is that Africa is also the to the lowest degree equipped region in the world to cope with all the challenges posed by the HIV virus. In order understand the social and economic consequences of the disease, it is all important(p) to study the relationship between poverty, the global response, and the effectiveness of AIDS prevention, both government and grass roots. Half of the worlds cases are found in what is referred to as the AIDS belt, a chain of countries in eastern and southern Africa that is home to two pe rcent of the global population. The main vehicle for spreading HIV throughout Africa is heterosexual intercourse. In contrast, this is the opposite compared to the U.S. where the virus is usually transmitted through homosexual intercourse or contaminated syringes shared by medicine users. Besides heterosexual intercourse, HIV transmission through transfusion and contaminated medical equipment is common in sub-Saharan Africa. Africans infected with HIV die a lot sooner after diagnosis than HIV infected people in other parts of the world. In industrialized countries, the survival time after diagnosis of AIDS ranges from 9 to 26 months, but in Africa the survival time for patients is 5 to 9 months (UNAIDS 3). Factors, such as lower access to health care, poorer superior of health care services, poorer levels of average health and nutrition, and greater exposure to pathogens that cause infection all contribute to the shorter survival in Africa. It is difficult to stop the oversuppl y of AIDS cases in Africa because it is not yet known by researchers the factors that contribute to outstanding prevalence of the disease among heterosexuals. This diagnosis will help determine how seeming it is that heterosexual epidemics will spread to Asia or the West. Even though AIDS is heavily researched, its origin still remains a partial mystery. It is know that HIV is a zoonosis, a human disease acquired from animals. The virus evolved from a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) a type of slow virus found naturally in monkeys and apes which, while not harming the host, produces diseases in other primates (Caldwell 97).

Mexican Migrant Workers and Lynch Culture Essay -- Mexico Agriculture

Mexican Migrant Workers and Lynch Culture more than than a million hoidenish workers migrated to the United States in the early twentieth century. The majority of these persons found work on small family farms in California the white owners of these farms welcomed cheap labor. Although most unsettled workers in California today are of Mexican descent, they originally came from all over the world East and West Europe, China, Japan, Korea and Latin America, along with Mexico. The shift to close to exclusively Mexican migrant workers in the early 1900s was intentional. Growers at this time anticipated racial conflicts between the immigrating workers and the natives of California. Growers minimized local opposition to Mexican immigration by promising that the Mexican would return to Mexico (only a short distance away) following picking season. This broken promise enabled the growth of systematic oppression toward the unveiling Mexicans. As time went on, g rowers depended increasingly on the cheap labor provided by the Mexicans. This dependence, coupled with rising unemployment in Mexico, created a rising influx of Mexican immigrants to California, establishing Mexicans as the single largest ethnic farm workers group in California by the 1920s. 1 Because these workers were forced to settle into communities that did not want them, and in communities that were promised the Mexicans were only staying temporarily, Mexicans were segregated, victimized, and resented by the environ white population. This maltreatment eventually escalated into racial oppression comparable to that of the blacks in the Jim Crow south. 2 The racial hierarchy that Mexicans faced in the Southwest left t... ... or shot. The masked men were never investigated, or if they were, they were never arrested post-investigation. This information is available in more depth in Carrigan and Webbs article.5 Again, see the article cited by William D. Carrigan and Clive Webb for further information.6 These groups are used to represent many other groups that adopt a similar ideology. I see them all a response to the increase Mexican population in the Southwest. Mediums like radio, internet, and other propaganda were used to broadcast the message of these groups, which was essentially that Americans must wake up to the reality of the Mexican invasion. More on these groups can be located at www.aztalan.net/lynched.htm.7 Mexican American Civil Rights organizations have been formed in the Southwest to combat these oppressive forces, notwithstanding they are severely outnumbered.

Business Entrepreneurs :: Business Development

The entrepreneur is the pioneer, the managers the applier of existing best practices. The entrepreneur engages in strategic activity, the managers need to focus on tactical or operational activity. The entrepreneur formulates a strategy, the manager implements that strategy. championship success will depend on the continuing renewal and application of the entrepreneurial spirits. Business success depends on the application and an efficient management team. The attrition rate of any new business is extremely high. In the US, the supporter of the entrepreneurial spirit, many new enterprises will fail each year. However in a long-term historical perspective, business success is short-lived. Only a handful of the largest companies with falling out even status existing in any country at the beginning of the twentieth century will exist today. Even those enterprises that is likely to be unrecognizable as the original creations. The causes of small-business failure depending on the study cited range from inadequate accounting systems to inability to cope. at long last Growth of underlying problem appears to be an overall lack of strategic management beginning with an inability to plan at strategy to reach the customer and ending with a failure to break out a system of controls to keep track performance.What considerations should small business entrepreneurs keep in mind when they are deciding whether a company should follow a growth or a stability strategy?The launch of any new ventures, which is best undertaken with a detailed understanding of the resources available and the strategic actions call for to achieve project objectives. There should be an indication of what should be done in various contingencies. In other words, a new venture require to be planned in a detailed manner. This is situation an above. Frequent lack of any such planning, even significant strategic management, will military service to explain the extremely high attrition rate for small businesses in all types of economy. Companies may however, choose a stability strategy because the entrepreneur is generally generating employment for family members. Providing the family a decent living, and being the boss of a firm small enough that he or she can manage it comfortably. Finally some business owners dont pursue a growth strategy because they do not want the loss of control that results from bank debt or the sale of monetary fund to outsiders. Question 12What are advantages and disadvantages of privatization of state- owned business? The privatization of state-owned business enterprises is likely to continue globally for most of these enterprises must expand internationally in request to survive in the increasingly global environment.

Korea and the Internet :: Computers Language Communication Papers

Korea and the InternetSince its birth a generation ago, the Internet has been dominated by the English language and North American culture. In a 1998 survey conducted by the Internet research group, eMarketer, two-thirds (68 percent) of a little over 60 million Internet routiners realnesswide reside in unspoilt two countries, the United States, with 37 million users, and Canada, which has just over 4 million. About 60 percent of the Internet host computers are located in the United States. Nine out of 10 Internet users today are English-speaking. No fewer than 82 percent of home pages (web sites) are in English, concord to the Internet Societys survey of 60,000 computers with Internet addresses. Yet some foresee an end to this electronic hegemony. The number of non-U.S. Internet users is about to outnumber those within the country soon and increase by nine-fold over the next five years, from 16.4 million in 1997 to 143 million by the year 2002, representing an annual growth put of 70 percent. In that case, the present practice of conducting business, presenting news and information, and performing discussion on the Internet allow for have to be drastically changed. The widespread use of English will eventually be contested and the Internet itself will become multicultural. This is already happening. A consortium of American computer companies has developed a universal digital code known as Unicode to allow computers to represent the letters and characters of virtually all the worlds languages. Major search engines standardized Yahoo and Excite offer their services in multiple languages. Netscape Communications in partnership with the leading Latin American Internet service, Star Media Network, provides a free Internet guide in Spanish and Portuguese. Internet services in languages other than English, like Star Media, are starting to provide world and regional news, weather, stock listings, e-mail, chat rooms, Internet access and more, all in the users n ative language. Given such developments, optimists argue that far from ending diversity, the Internet will promote it by allowing even small groups of people to disseminate their messages worldwide. By overtaking the middle range languages, it may actually protect minority languages threaten with extinction. A wider range of languages on the Internet means at least in theory that a wider range of ideas will be exchanged in a cyberspace, the long-promised global village. Despite a tremendous influx of non-English languages in recent years, however, the Internet has a long way to go before it becomes a truly multilingual medium.

Heroism Redifined: Lord of the Rings

Heroism redefined master of the r unwraps J. R. R. Tolkien Tolkiens Lord of the teleph geniuss trilogy, offers the reader a truly compelling picture of the world of Middle-earth. The author, in corking detail, depicts a complex reality which abounds in a whole variety of creatures, cultures, languages and histories. If we take a closer look on Tolkiens masterpiece we go out easily notice a complexity of themes, motifs, symbols which add to the semantic richness of the text. It is necessary to mention that Tolkien was considerably influenced by the literary tradition.Fascinated by literary genres such(prenominal)(prenominal) as a whizzic epic, a chivalric romance or a fairy tale Tolkien skillfully weaved many caliberistic conventions of these genres in Lord of the palisades. Among many former(a) features drawn from the literary tradition the theme of heroism occupies a prominent position in Tolkiens trilogy. On the one go through Tolkien go overs a well known sit around o f a courageous epic hero, plainly on the other hand he operates with the theme in an modern way.Apart from a careful depiction of a well known image of noble heroism trace of great figures of historical significance such as Aragorn, the novel surprisingly offers a completely new image of heroism which is represented by sm wholly hobbits. Providing at the same prison term two par totallyel of latitude faces of the concept, Tolkien significantly changes and challenges the traditional meaning of heroism and, as a consequence, significantly enriches the literary tradition. A significant part of the trilogy is disposed to the deeds of great manpower such as Aragorn.Drawing extensively on the tradition of heroic epic and chivalric romance Tolkien presents a powerful image of a knightly hero full of noble virtues. Aragorn is a born hero a true heir to the throne of Gondor, born to achieve great deeds in his time (Zimmer Bradley 83). He is a courageous man of action, endowed with p hysical strength, who combats evil, brings order and restores counterinsurgency. Respected and admired by other characters, Aragorn is a hero of indomitable life fable who never commits mistakes and always serves as an epitome of bravery and virtue.Although Aragorn is one of the most prominent characters in the trilogy, the most important mission, to destroy the malevolent Ring, falls upon a completely different figure. The future of the whole Middle-earth does not depend on noble Elves or brave Men or even strong Dwarves but lies in the hands of the seemingly weak and unimportant hobbits (Gulisano 131). Tolkiens surprising choice falls upon small and alternatively funny creatures which, in fact, do not really rich person any particular achievements. Though small and weak, it is Frodo and his faithful servant surface-to-air missile who are burdened with an extremely difficult task.Contrary to all expectations Frodo is elect to carry the ring You may be nobody in particular in yourself, yet for some inexplicable reasons, through no choice of your own, the Ring has come into your keeping, so that it is on you and not on Gandalf or Aragorn that the task falls of destroying it (LotR, I, 284) At original the small hobbit is full of doubts. He is neither a great wizard worry Gandalf to plan the strategy of war against Sauron, nor Aragorn, an outstanding warrior who is destined to be the leader of the army of Gondor. Yet, the Ring has clearly chosen the hobbit.Unlike other significant figures of the trilogy Frodo has heroism thrust upon him (Zimmer Bradley 84). In contrast with Aragorn, Frodo is not born to gain glory, yet through experience and ability to endure hardships he finally rises to heroism. Though hesitantly, Frodo humbly accepts the task I will take the Ring, he said, though I do not know the way. (LotR, I, 284) Even though Frodo would rather stay at home than risk my life on the very slight chance of winning glory (LotR, I, 284) eventually he re signs from his own soothe and safety and full of hope takes up a dangerous journey to save the world of Middle-earth.During the journey he often trembles, regrets his lot and wonders wherefore he was burdened with such an enormous load, still he manages to remain faithful to the mission till the very end. Deciding to carry the Ring Frodo starts to follow a path full of sacrifices and pain. As the Ring bearer he is forced to put up a constant resistance to his own ambitions and propensity for power (Bramlett 70). Frodo undeniably becomes a hero of the story. Though he actually fails at the very blend in moment of his mission he yields to the temptation and wants to posses the Ring for his own- the bay is still completed and Frodo refurbishments covered in glory.However, as Frodo rather reluctantly accepts the heavy burden of the unusual quest there is some other character who follows the same path on his own free will and without complain. surface-to-air missile, Frodos devot ed servant, becomes an unrecognized hero of the story, who bravely accompanies and supports Frodo till the very last stratum of their journey. He is the one who cares even less for glory and heroic deeds. His only wish is to protect his master and follow Frodo even if it means death. (Zimmer Bradley 84) Throughout the story Sam undergoes perhaps the most significant development.He starts out as a minor character. Even Sam describes himself as a luggage in a boat. He is a rather comic and childish character hardly adequate for such a high-sounding enterprise (Purtill 89). Although at first he displays a sort of a limited perception, which is not unusual for a hobbit he can be very practical at measure his mind was slow but shrewd (LotR, II, 625). In the course of the novel Sam gradually takes more and more responsibility and acquires such importance that without him the quest would be unfulfilled.Sam seems to be a typical hobbit servant, yet Tolkien endows him with certain featu res which differentiate him from the traditional literary servants. This peculiar hobbit is endowed with a sort of curiosity which is instead unique for a hobbit. He is fascinated with Elves and dreams about an opportunity to meet them one day. He is much more open to the new ideas and experiences than a typical hobbit (Purtill 90-91). What is more, Sam is also aware of his own limitations. He usually depends on the opinion of others, as he is not able to decide on grand matters I hope that the master will think it out carefully.Hes as wise as any, but hes soft-hearted, thats what he is. Its beyond any Gamgee to guess what hell do next (LotR, II, 625). Moreover, Sam is also endowed with a significantly greater independence than a typical servant (Purtill 90-91). When Frodo decides to abandon Shire alone, without any support of his friends, Sam reveals Frodos plan to Pippin and Merry in order to protect his master. On another occasion he disobeys Aragorn and secretly follows Frodo on the further journey without informing the rest of the fellowship. When his master comes at stakeSam is able to do absolutely anything. Above all else, Sam characterizes an enormous devotion, selflessness and love for Frodo. His care for his master is truly incomparable It is hardly possible to separate you form him Frodo, even when he is summoned to a secret council and you are not (LotR, I, 284). Throughout the story signs of Sams love for Frodo can be frequently encountered Sam came in. He ran to Frodo and took his left hand, awkwardly and shyly. He stroked it gently and then he blushed and turned hastily away. (LotR, I, 237) His love for Frodo is immense.He is totally selfless and ready for sacrifices for his master. His devotion is best portrayed in the last stage of the quest, when the fellowship is broken and the two hobbits continue their dark journey to Mordor all by themselves. As Frodo, due to the malevolent power of the Ring, gradually becomes both(prenominal) physic ally and mentally weaker, Sam becomes an actual guide and protector. He deals with the practical aspects of the journey and combats various obstacles throughout the way. Gradually Sam becomes less comic and much more doughty.Along with their approaching the gates of Mordor Sam is significantly gaining importance and becoming a truly mature character. When the two hobbits are just one smell form completing their mission of destroying the Ring everything is almost ruined due to Gollums betrayal. Sam and Frodo are attacked by a giant spider Shelob. Frodo is maimed in the combat and Sam is convinced that his beloved master is dead. Though terrified and totally miserable he does not turn back. He feels an pledge to continue the quest. As soon as he realizes that his master is still alive he rushes to rescue Frodo.As for the time being he carries the Ring, and just like Frodo and others he is paper to the great temptation. On this stage of the journey ominous power of the Ring is the most dangerous and the temptation is respectively stronger. The Ring plants in Sam visions of himself as a great warrior Samwise the Strong. Hero of the Age, striding with flaming sword across the darkened land, and armies flocking to his call as he marched to overthrow of Barad-dur. And then all the clouds rolled away and the white sun shone, and at his command the vale of Gorgoroth became a garden of tress and brought forth fruit.He had only to put on the Ring and claim it for his own and all this could be. In that hour of trial it was the love of his master that helped most to hold him firm but also deep mastered in him lived still unconquered plain hobbit-sense he knew in the core of his heart he was not large enough to bear such a burden, even if such visions were not a mere cheat to betray him. The one small garden of a free gardener was all his involve and due, not a garden swollen to a realm his own lands to use, not the lands of others to command. And anyway, all those no tions are only a trick, he said to himself. (LotR, III, 880-881) Sam is saved by his great love for his master and his extra usual common sense combined with modesty and humility. Deep down he realizes that the vision of himself as a great warrior is ridiculous. The illusion, in fact, does not even constitute a dream that he aspires to. Sam is aware that he is not meant to be a grand hero. He knows perfectly well that his true vocation is to be a humble servant and this is exactly what makes him happy.The great trial Sam is subject to requires from the little hobbit a great deal of common wisdom and strength. Sam who at first seems to be a rather weak and at multiplication an irritating character demonstrates strength which can be compared to the one of Galadriel or Gandalf. He is not only able to resist the temptation, but also to return the Ring to Frodo without hesitation. Sam displays enormous grandeur. At this point he presents more heroism than for instance one of Tolkiens cla ssic heroes Bromir for whom temptation turned out too great to resist.As one of the critics rightly suggests He Sam exhibits concrete wisdom rather than abstract reasoning, finds relationship more important than objects, is supportive, nurturing, and self-sacrificing. (Purtill 95) Tolkien seems to suggest that these are the features that chronicle for true heroism. Thanks to Sam the quest can be completed. He supports Frodo emotionally till the very end and even literally carries him to the Mount destine when the latter is physically ineffective to reach the destination.At the last stage of their journey Frodo is so debilitated by the power of the Ring that he is practically unable to think clearly. All his powers are focused on resisting the temptation of putting the Ring on the finger. Form now on the success of the mission depends on Sam. At this point, the development of Sam is clearly visible. He realizes that the mission has to be completed, that they must do everything in their power to end the task. He knows that they have reached a point from which there is no return.Though, he is convinced that there is no hope for them and they are doomed to death, he still manages to follow once entrusted mission. Sam becomes an undeniable hero of the story. Though he does not acquire a sort of glory that Pippin and Merry achieve on a battlefield, still he does acquire the necessary virtue and wisdom to eventually become the leader and the ruler of the hobbits the Mayor of the Shire. Lord of the Rings, among many other beautiful and complex images, provides one of the most extraordinary and memorable depictions of heroism.Greatly influenced by the literary tradition, Tolkien both follows and modifies the concept of heroism and consequently provides the reader with two faces of this traditional notion. Tolkien emphasizes a number of features characteristic for a heroic epic and a chivalric romance. Features such as courage, fortitude, nobleness and honour can b e found in several prominent figures in the novel. One of the most distinct examples, personifying all these virtues, is to be found in Aragorn. He is a classic hero, descendant of the line of kings, great warrior, the one who restores peace and brings back justice.Aragorn is the rightful heir to the throne who bravely struggles with the forces of evil and at the end triumphantly comes back to his kingdom and marries Arwena Elf princess. Aragorn embodies all features typical of a truly heroic character in the traditional sense of the concept. However, the author does not only provide the reader with a well known model of heroism based on strength and courage. The novel presents a new surprising aspect of this concept and at the same time establishes a modern, groundbreaking definition of the notion.In the course of the novel the reader is exposed to a very peculiar juxtaposition of characters. Next to such heroic figures as Aragorn Tolkien places queer, little, funny hobbits. It i s Frodo and his devoted servant Sam who become true heroes of the story. If it had not been for their simplicity, ordinariness, lack of violence and ability to self-sacrifice the whole Middle-earth would be seized by the forces of evil. Frodo and Sam represent ordinary, insignificant figures who through their selflessness, loyalty and love for friends are brought to the heroic glory.Realization of their own limitations, common sense and modesty prevents them form mistakes that other characters are prone to commit. Hobbits represent the genial of courage exhibited by an ordinary person, who rises to heroism in the face of challenge (Purtill 77). Their courage is moral as well as physical. On their quest they have to face both mental torments, such as resisting the power of the ring and fear of enemies, and physical hardships, like lack of food and water, exhaustion due to the toilsome journey and wounds they receive during combats.Tolkien presents the reader a new definition of her oism which is based on love and humility and can be achieved not but by the chosen, great figures but by everybody. Heroism that Tolkien offers in Lord of the Rings is within everybodys reach, no matter how small and weak and ordinary they would be (Gulisano 132). Juxtaposing the two kinds of heroism Tolkien stresses the fact that both can harmoniously coexist and are complementary without the high and noble the simple and vulgar is suddenly mean and without the simple and ordinary the noble and heroic is meaningless (Tolkien in Purtill 60).

Kate Chopin Essay

Who comes to mind when the term American author is mentioned? A lot of female authors of today would say Kate Chopin, one of the most separate writers of the 19th century. Although Kate Chopin didnt live to see her clobber re-published, she is an important author to study because her stories are influential, her ambition arouses her readers, and her point of view supports independent women. Unlike most of the women during her eon period, Chopin didnt agree on letting the men be in control. subsequently a couple of her stories were published in Vogue Magazine, like Desirees Baby and A Pair of Silk Stockings, flock began to start liking Chopins improvident stories (Powell). Vogue had even quoted how they admired her brains and beauty (Powell). It wasnt until Chopin decided to send more of her belief of independence and write her first novel The Awakening for pack of that sentence to start disliking her. Publishers cited what they considered promotion of female self-assertion and sexual going (Chopin, Kate Introduction).Libraries banned Chopin and her friends shunned her as her reputation started to f altogether. Kate Chopin may influence women today, but during her social period she wasnt looked upon by many. Born into a prominent St. Louis family, Chopin was influenced by her puzzle and great-grandmother after the death of her father. Her family descended from French-Creole pioneers and that alike influenced her to be involved with music, school, and arts (Kate Chopin The Awakening, The Storm, Stories, Biography). Chopin graduated from a convent school at age seventeen (Kate Chopin).In 1870 she married Oscar Chopin, who was also Creole descent, and they had six children. His death in 1883 was when Kate Chopin decided to become more serious ab surface writing (Kate Chopin). She sold all the land her and her husband earn and moved back to St. Louis with her mother. Family friends who give her letters entertaining encouraged her to write profession ally (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Chopin started writing short stories and eventually began having her stories published in periodicals. Popular American periodicals published Kate Chopin, such as America, Vogue, and the Atlantic (Powell).Her collections Bayou Folk and A Night in Acadie made her reputation grow as an important colorist at the clip (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Chopin started writing about her husbands death and her response to it. After trying to publish The Awakening she was immediately rejected because during the time it wasnt appropriate. The novel subjected as female sexuality and adultery (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Her reputation declined greatly after that and Chopin wanted to give up on writing all together. Now that all her work is republished, people find it very invigorate, especially women.Critics today say that her work is focused on the pioneering use of psychological realism, symbolic imagery, and sensual themes (Chopin, Kate Introduction). A la rge amount of female writers today are encouraged by Chopins short stories, novels, and essays. One of Kate Chopins most famous short stories is The bilgewater of an Hour. The main character, Mrs. Mallard finds out her husband just died. She didnt hear the bad news the comparable as most widows would have. Finally she could do what she wanted without anyone else telling her what to do, is the way she saw it.She was still young with a pretty face and she wanted to show it off. She kept whispering free, body and person free (Kate Chopin A Re-Awakening). Mrs. Mallard started planning the days ahead of her. All of those days would be her own days to live by. As she opened the inlet to jump straight to all her new opportunities, there stood Mr. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard fell over, when the doctor came he said she had died of a heart disease. She enjoyed feeling independent and it when she found out it could no longer be she collapsed.Although The Story of an Hour didnt have a happily eve r after ending, Kate Chopin showed her true meaning of the short story by using symbolism, comparison, and assertiveness (Chopin, Kate Introduction). When Mr. Mallard died it was symbolic for Oscar Chopin, and how Kate herself felt as a womanhood afterwards. After the death, the story describes Mrs. Mallard looking out the window and everything looks like theres more freedom, which is also symbolic for herself having more freedom without her husband telling her what to do.Chopin uses comparison in her stories to show her readers what shes been through and prove independence is important. In The Story of an Hour, not only did the authors and Mrs. Mallards husbands die, but they have the very(prenominal) attitude about the situation (Kate Chopin A Re-Awakening). Chopin uses comparison with the character and herself to show what she really means and make it easier to describe the theme. Kate Chopin is most known for her assertiveness in this particular story and without it she may n ot be as well known today.She spoke her feelings and true meanings through this action and thats what led her to be so independent. Chopin knew people would frown upon this quality, but it was honesty. During the time Kate Chopin tried publishing her work, the morals were different than they are now. Her stories, to a lot of people, are very influential. Commentators have noted that her influence on later feminist writing and consider her a major American short story writer (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Her work encourages people to stand up for what they believe in, regardless of what people think of them for doing so.Also to let her readers feel freedom and that everyone is equal. A handful of her short stories have the same plot and story, but they all have different meanings in which influence writers today to strive for what they believe in. After The Awakening, people believed that it aroused the readers. Chopin didnt intentionally want for this to happen, but she wasnt like m ost women of that time. Short story after short story, her work became more visual and exciting. Of course during her time no one liked it, but now the excitement in her stories makes one of the most important qualities.At the time, it was different from anything anyone has ever read. A womans freedom, which so many people took the wrong way, was a huge difference and conflict at the time (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Many say she broke a new ground of literature (Powell). Its Chopins inspiring excitement that arouses her readers and makes them want to come back for more. Most of what has been written about Kate Chopin is feminist in nature or is focused on womens positions in society (Powell). The late 19th century, no women were independent.Kate Chopin took a stand and thats all she wrote about. After her husbands death, she feels like she has more freedom and independence. Someone not telling her what to do all the time what shes been wanting so badly. Her work helps women recogn ize the consequences of action, and helps them find individual freedom (Kate Chopin The Awakening, The Storm, Stories, Biography). Female writers look up to her greatly because of how she was able to take a stand and speak her mind, without caring what people thought of her.She was one of the first women in her century to write outspoken fiction literature, revolting against tradition and authority (Chopin, Kate Introduction). Chopins highly respected as a writer through the understanding of all the complications to get her word out for woman independence (Powell). Through her influential stories, ambition, and support of independent women, she became an inspiring American author. It mayve took society half a century to grasp what Kate Chopin accomplished, but now she is finally known as a strong independent woman, and thats all she wanted to be known for.

The appreciation and feasibility of higher education

As an emerging field of survey there be legion(predicate) challenges and inquiries that evoke when one declares high counselling as a field of survey. Some people like Dennis Mileti ( 2003 ) could easy declare that since people expressed about Emergency Management as a subject, therefore it is. Philips ( 20032 ) . In specifying higher dictation as a field of survey there are inquiries that will prosecute us for old ages to come as they turn in for the old ages ago. Position documents will be written, perspective challenged, phone lines entered in course of study commissions, turf conflicts waged in alumnus councils Phillips ( 20032 ) . The argument is sometimes trim down to the inquiry of whose definition of field of survey to be used. Philips ( 20032 ) suggests that we subscribe to hesitate and analyze the yesteryear while contemplating the here afterward.How far we are with higher counseling as a field of survey and what way is it taking. We need to look back and st ate where we come from. harmonizing to Goodchild ( neodymium ) the survey of higher education has non to that degree reached adulthood but possesses many of the properties of scholarly field. He contests that programmes designed to fix individuals entry in higher instruction exist in profuseness. He in any event states that there are about eight hundred professors who think of themselves as professors on higher instruction. This suggests that these professors would hold easy agreed with Mileti ( 2003 ) in that when people talk of something therefore it is. We need to look at what characterizes higher instruction and higher instruction as a field of survey in peculiar. Although in the retiring(a) few decennaries there was really small literature sing higher instruction as a field of survey, new research suggests the antonym at the present. Hobbs and Francis ( 1973 ) and Francis and Hobbs ( 1974 ) were able to that the theoretical research available in the disciplinary diaries was rare in the higher instruction. They besides found that there was small evident practise of periodical literature of the theoretical findings Kellems ( 1975 ( 3 ) , 135-154 ) . Goodchild ( neodymium ) suggests that there is a turning literature that deals with assorted parts of higher instruction sphere. So, this suggests that we are so traveling in a way.Let us utilize this definition of a field of survey so that we can all be at par. This has no purpose to sabotage or pique anyone s mind. Can we hold that as a field of survey, Higher Education is more cover on the one manus, and does non hold its ain theoretical foundation, on the early(a)? it relies on academic subjects such a societal scientific disciplines to explicate the educational procedure. Maybe it is because of this basic ground that we hurl gossipn less funding in the field of survey than in the academic Fieldss. Thingss have changed now, or they promising to falsify or we need to alter things around.In the follo wing subject I want us to look at the lively-hood and the sustainability of the field.Appropriateness and feasibleness of research within higher instruction.What can we look at and make up ones mind that we can take higher instruction as a field of survey? The argument comes back once more. When we look at the clip line of higher instruction we recognise many alterations with clip before 1994 and the state of affairs after 1994. By 1994, there were in south Africa 36 higher instruction Institutions, which were structured along racial and cultural lines and characterised by a crisp preeminence between universities ( 21 ) and technikons ( 15 ) OECD, ( 2008 ) . New lines would be drawn or are being drawn off from those of the yesteryear. Universities are get downing to see the bigger image now. Where all establishments want to go Centres of excellence. Some have chosen to go entrepreneurial university and opposite practical universities. the inquiry remains, how we become specializer s in higher instruction if there is no specialization in higher instruction as a field of survey. How are the lectors prepared to run into the organisational aims? Nzimande, ( 20093 ) negotiations about the cardinal characteristics of higher Education and Training System. athe system of HET will be supported by an institutional motif that is both diverse and differentiated every bit good as being conceptualized as an integrated and consistent whole in which meaningful attainment tracts are developed across institutional and workplace instruction and preparation signifiers. Nzimande ( 20093 ) the people responsible for the development of these acquisition tracts are the higher instruction practicians. This sets out a challenge to all talks at Higher Education Institutions to prosecute in research in order to turn to the challenges that the government minister of higher instruction negotiations about in the subject policy development. Other subjects in higher instruction would in clude but non restricted to higher instruction direction and leading, plan planning and development, research, passage surveies ( workplace to larning topographic point and larning topographic point to workplace ) . I view the followers as potential countries of research in higher instruction. The green musical composition on Skills development ( 1997 ) aimed to develop an incorporate accomplishments development system which promoters economic and employment growing and societal development through a focal point on the instruction preparation and employment services . if no 1 is making research on higher instruction we may neer happen out what this means and hence higher instruction establishments may neer be able to confer the service as suggested by the authorities.To simplify the above, in 1997 the above was taken frontward in the accomplishments development act ( 97of 1999 ) which aimed toDevelop accomplishments of the south African workforcea . advertise employers to utiliz e the workplace as a acquisition siteIncrease the degrees of investing in instruction and trainingaEnsure the quality of instruction and preparation in and for the workplace To me all of the above I the act am research chances for higher instruction practicians. Lecturer and other higher instruction staff need to understand and hold expertness in the accomplishments needed for the work force. The lone manner we know how to break get new cognition is through research. This would assistance the higher instruction establishments in footings of support from the authorities and other stakeholders based on the turnaround or the results of the preparation and sort of instruction they provide. This supplys me to the quality of instruction and preparation in and for the work force. We need more people in the readying of lectors for covering with the demands of the work force. Through invention and promotion in engineering science we may non keep the old cognition and hope that it will be equal for more old ages to come. The curate besides mentioned quality intercessions which include among other things the debut of formal makings for talk Sers Nzimande ( 2009 5 ) formal makings now will non needfully be formal makings in the following 10 old ages to come. We have seen state of affairss where establishments, in their quest to be the tbest, stop up bring forthing one line of work force more than any othrer. For illustration the University of Zululand is bring forthing more instructors than any other making at the present. Does it of all time occur to the leaders that at one phase these instructors will see what many people call a bottle cervix state of affairs, where there will be more pedagogues than the schools really necessitate?The Education white paper 3, and the National program for Higher Education ( NPHE ) in their policy paperss, they articulate increased engagement as one of the ends of Higher Education Transformation in South Africa, which is the accomplis hment of equity in the higher instruction system.OECD, 2008. The higher instruction practicians are expected to react to this call and I f they are non prepared through research they will non react suitably. By reacting suitably I mean that engagement would be increased, equity achieved, and the quality of instruction non compromised. change magnitude engagement and accomplishing equity in footings of gender, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic position is easy because it is a statistical issue. Covering with big Numberss of pupils besides needs a research base reply. A addition it is the duty showing itself as an chance to higher instruction practicians to venture out ways and agencies of covering with big Numberss in limited resources, for illustration. The other issue here that needs to be addressed is that of background.To reason, I would wish to indicate out to other fellow talks and faculty members that there is a brighter hereafter in higher instruction as a field of survey, and there can be more subjects than what I mentioned here.

Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark Essay

I suck up chosen to evaluate a scene from atomic number 49 Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark where Indiana and Sallah uncover the Well of Soles where the lost ark is hidden. We open the scene at 5703 with Indiana leading a team of diggers up a hill to the power point where they will dig for the ark. As the scene opens we hear the diegetic sounds of the diggers and commotion taking place in the background. We also hear non-diegetic music that will be referred to as the ark theme playing as Indiana climbs the hill and has his men start to dig for the ark.The slow and sort of creepy tone that makes up the ark theme reminds us of the continuing quest for the ark and also that the ark may very well be close by. At 5800, the non-diegetic music briefly cuts for about four seconds that then picks up once again as Indiana turns around to whistle for his men to start digging. As the digging begins, the music picks up and gets louder and louder. The trick out in the non-diegetic music builds the suspense and excitement of the scene and foreshadows the big discovery that lies ahead. At 5826 the scene dissolves into a shot of the dig turn up from afar.Although the non-diegetic music ended, we pick up with the diegetic music or sound of the tune that the workers hum as they dig. We can also hear the diegetic sounds of the interlace ululation and we send off the sun setting in the background showing us that a cold night is approaching. The coloring from the sun set gives the shot a flavor that something great is about to happen yet provides a sense of mystery for those who dont know what is to come. In this shot we cannot get wind a little view of our characters, rather just the shadows of the digging men and Indy.We are easily able to pick out Indy despite only being able to see character shadows simply because we see him put on his trademark hat which he is famous for wearing. At 5844 the shot cuts to yet another(prenominal) shot of the digging site at night fall. I mmediately we hear booms of thunder and strikes of lightening from an approaching storm which sets the tone of this portion of the scene.The thunder and lightning and building anticipation seem to foreshadow the discovery of the ark yet again, which we initially hink is a good thing, however, the dark and evil sounds of the storm represent bad things will finally come from the ark and show us that in hindsight, the ark should not be disturbed. Anticipation continues to build as we hear more diegetic sounds of thunder and a spooky wind howling in the background. We see a shot of Indy and see the worried look on his face as the storm continues to approach. At 5856 Sallah informs Indy that they hit stone and here we see an eyeline match from Indy leading to the next shot of the uncovered stone. As the workers continue to uncover the stone, the diegetic sounds continue.The lack of non-diegetic music emphasizes the roar of the thunder and helps the view focus on the big find that is a bout to occur. As the stone is lifted and the tomb is uncovered, we hear the diegetic sound of an animal howling in the background at 5950. This gives the viewer a spooky aspect of the tomb. At 5955 we see and hear a slash brought on by non-diegetic music. The thunder roars with a lightning strike which lights up the opening of the tomb which reveals a scary-looking creature with jagged teeth. As this is revealed the non-diegetic music spikes and Sallah shouts from being shock which all creates this stinger effect.The stinger also proves to be the cue that re-starts the creepy, non-diegetic music. After questioning the moving floor, at 10015, the non-diegetic music spikes into a high sea dog shriek, as Indy drops his torch. The non-diegetic music lowers to a creepy tone once again but then spikes into a high pitch flute sound at 10022 as the camera pans over the creepy view of the snakes. The non-diegetic music continues into a low-pitch brass sound which continues to provide a creepy feel but also foreshadows the evil that lies ahead. At 10042 the camera lifts back to Indy as he rolls over and delivers his famous lineSnakes.Why did it have to be snakes? Sallah then crawls over to Indy and at 10059, Sallah utters over the non-diegetic music, Asps. Very dangerous. You go first This line then cues the diegetic sounds of a snake rattling and a loud boom of thunder which cues the end of the scene. Throughout this four minute clip, there are tons of diegetic sounds and a lot of non-diegetic music. The sounds and music play a huge roll in this scene as it builds emotion for the find of the Well of Soles yet foreshadows the danger and adventure that lies ahead in the remainder of the film.

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 8 Sunmaster

SUNMASTER FOURTEEN- A leader of the Mycogen Sector of ancient TrantorAs is squargon(a) of al angiotensin converting enzyme the leaders of this ingrown sector, little is admitn of him. That he plays any role at either in history is due solo to his interrelationship with Hari Seldon in the course of The FlightEncyclopedia Galactica35. at that place were just ii seats behind the compact pilot compartment and when Seldon sat down on exaggerate that gave slowly beneath him meshed fabric came forward to encircle his legs, waist, and chest and a hood came down over his forehead and ears. He felt wrapped and when he turned to his left with difficulty-and only when slightly-he could promise that Dors was similarly enclosed.The pilot took his own seat and checked the controls. Then he imagine, Im Endor Levanian, at your service. Youre mat because on that point resulting be a considerable acceleration at lift-off. Once were in the open and flying, youll be released. You neednt tell me your depicts. Its none of my business. He turned in his seat and smiled at them out of a gnomelike face that wrinkled as his lips spread outward. Any psychological difficulties, youngsters?Dors verbalize lightly, Im an Ou bothrlder and Im used to flying.That is also true for myself, verbalize Seldon with a bit of hauteur.Excellent, youngsters. Of course, this isnt your ordinary air- greenness and you may non cod done any night flying, and Ill count on you to bear up.He was enmeshed too, yet Seldon could get wind that his arms were entirely free.A dull hum go a way of lifeed inside the jet, growing in intensity and rising in pitch. Without actu all toldy change state unpleasant, it threatened to do so and Seldon made a gesture as though to shake his head and get the sound out of his ears, but the flak to do so merely seemed to stiffen the hold of the head-mesh. The jet thus sprang (it was the only verb Seldon could denudation to describe the raset) into the air and he found himself pushed hard against the fend for and bottom of his seat.Through the windshield in front of the pilot, Seldon saw, with a twinge of horror, the flat rise of a w every(prenominal)-and consequently a round opening come on in that wall. It was similar to the hole into which the air-taxi had plunged the day he and Hummin had left the Imperial Sector, but though this one was large abounding for the body of the jet, it certainly did non leave room for the wings. Seldons head turned as far to the right as he could manage and did so just in time to see the wing on his side wither and collapse. The jet plunged into the opening and was seized by the electromagnetic field and hurtled along a lighted runnel. The acceleration was constant and thither were occasional clicking noises that Seldon imagined superpower be the passing of individual magnets.And therefore, in less than ten minutes, the jet was spewed out into the atmosphere, headlong into the sudden pervasive darkness of night. The jet decelerated as it passed beyond the electromagnetic field and Seldon felt himself flung against the mesh and plastered there for a a few(prenominal) breathless moments.Then the pressure ceased and the mesh disappe bed altogether.How are you, youngsters? came the cheerful constituent of the pilot.Im not sure, utter Seldon. He turned to Dors. Are you all right?Certainly, she answered. I think Mr. Levanian was rambleting us through and through his paces to see if we were really Ou tworlders. Is that so, Mr. Levanian?Some state like excitement, said Levanian. Do you?Within limits, said Dors.Then Seldon added approvingly, As any reasonable person would admit. Seldon went on. It might discombobulate seemed less humorous to you, sir, if you had ripped the wings off the jet.Impossible, sir. I told you this is not your ordinary air-jet. The wings are thoroughly computerized. They change their length, width, curvature, and overall shape to match the further o f the jet, the speed and direction of the wind, the temperature, and half a dozen other variables. The wings wouldnt tear off unless the jet itself was subjected to stresses that would splinter it. in that location was a spatter against Seldons window. He said, Its raining.It often is, said the pilot.Seldon peered out the window. On Helicon or on any other world, there would bring on been lights visible-the illuminated works of man. Only on Trantor would it be dark.Well, not entirely. At one point he saw the flash of a beacon light. Perhaps the higher r separatelyes of Upperside had warning lights. As rough-cut, Dors took get down of Seldons uneasiness. Patting his hand, she said, Im sure the pilot make dos what hes doing, Hari.Ill try to be sure of it, too, Dors, but I wish hed share some of that k presentlyledge with us, Seldon said in a voice loud enough to be overheard.I dont mind sharing, said the pilot. To begin with, were heading up and well be above the cloud deck in a f ew minutes. Then there wont be any rain and well evening see the stars.He had timed the remark beautifully, for a few stars began to glitter through the feathery cloud remnants and then all the rest sprang into brightness as the pilot flicked off the lights inside the confine. Only the douse illumination of his own cock panel remained to compete, and extracurricular the window the sky sparkled brightly.Dors said, Thats the first time in over two years that Ive seen the stars. Arent they marvelous? Theyre so bright-and there are so many of them.The pilot said, Trantor is nearer the center of the Galaxy than most of the Outworlds.Since Helicon was in a sparse corner of the Galaxy and its star field was dim and unimpressive, Seldon found himself speechless.Dors said, How quiet this flight has become.So it is, said Seldon. What powers the jet, Mr. Levanian?A microfusion motor and a thin stream of hot gas.I didnt know we had working microfusion air-jets. They peach close it, but-T here are a few small ones like this. So far they exist only on Trantor and are used entirely by high government officials.Seldon said, The fees for such travel must come high.Very high, sir.How much is Mr. Hummin organism charged, then?Theres no charge for this flight. Mr. Hummin is a swell friend of the company who owns these jets.Seldon grunted. Then he asked, Why arent there more than of these microfusion air-jets?Too expensive for one intimacy, sir. Those that exist fulfill all the demand.You could create more demand with larger jets.Maybe so, but the company has neer managed to make microfusion engines strong enough for large air-jets.Seldon thought of Hummins complaint that technological innovation had declined to a low level. Decadent, he murmured.What? said Dors. no.hing, said Seldon. I was just thinking of something Hummin once said to me.He looked out at the stars and said, Are we moving westward, Mr. Levanian?Yes, we are. How did you know?Because I thought that we wo uld see the dawn by now if we were heading east to meet it.But dawn, pursuing the planet, finally caught up with them and sunlight-real sunlight brightened the cabin walls. It didnt last long, however, for the jet curved downward and into the clouds. Blue and gold vanished and were replaced by dingy gray and both Seldon and Dors emitted disappointed cries at being deprived of even a few more moments of true sunlight.When they sank beneath the clouds, Upperside was immediately below them and its surface-at least at this spot-was a rolling mixture of wooded grottos and intervening grassland. It was the furcate of thing Clowzia had told Seldon existed on Upperside.Again there was little time for observation, however. An opening appeared below them, rimmed by lettering that spelled MYCOGEN.They plunged in.36.They landed at a jetport that seemed neglectful to Seldons extoling eyes. The pilot, having completed his task, shook hands with both Hari and Dors and took his jet up into the a ir with a rush, plunging it into an opening that appeared for his benefit.There seemed, then, nothing to do but wait. There were benches that could seat perhaps a hundred people, but Seldon and Dors Venabili were the only two people around. The port was rectangular, surrounded by walls in which there must be many tunnels that could open to receive or deliver jets, but there were no jets present by and by their own had departed and none arrived while they waited. There were no people arriving or any indications of habitation the very life hum of Trantor was muted.Seldon felt this aloneness to be oppressive. He turned to Dors and said, What is it that we must do here? Have you any idea?Dors shook her head. Hummin told me we would be met by Sunmaster Fourteen. I dont know anything beyond that.Sunmaster Fourteen? What would that be?A human being, I presume. From the name I grasst be certain whether it would be a man or a woman.An odd name.Oddity is in the mind of the receiver. I am so me generation taken to be a man by those who have never met me.What fools they must be, said Seldon, smiling. non at all. Judging from my name, they are justified. Im told it is a popular masculine name on various worlds.Ive never encountered it before.Thats because you arent much of a Galactic traveler. The name Hari is common enough everywhere, although I once knew a woman named Hare, pronounced like your name but spelled with an e. In Mycogen, as I recall, particular names are confined to families-and numbered.But Sunmaster seems so unrestrained a name.Whats a little braggadocio? Back on Cinna, Dors is from an Old topical anaesthetic expression meaning spring gift. Because you were born in the spring?No. I first saw the light of day at the height of Cinnas summer, but the name struck my people as pleasant regardless of its traditional-and by and large forgotten-meaning.In that case, perhaps Sunmaster-And a deep, severe voice said, That is my name, tribesman.Seldon, startled, lo oked to his left. An open ground-car had somehow drawn close. It was boxy and archaic, looking almost like a delivery wagon. In it, at the controls, was a tall old man who looked vigorous despite his age. With stately majesty, he got out of the ground-car. He wore a long white surgical gown with voluminous sleeves, pinched in at the wrists. Beneath the gown were soft sandals from which the big toe protruded, while his head, beautifully shaped, was completely hairclothclothless. He regarded the two sedately with his deep blue eyes.He said, I greet you, tribesman.Seldon said with automatic politeness, Greetings, sir. Then, honestly puzzled, he asked, How did you get in?Through the entrance, which closed behind me. You salaried little heed.I suppose we didnt. But then we didnt know what to expect. Nor do we now.Tribesman Chetter Hummin informed the Brethren that there would be members from two of the tribes arriving. He asked that you be cared for.Then you know Hummin.We do. He has been of service to us. And because he, a worthy tribesman, has been of service to us, so must we be now to him. There are few who come to Mycogen and few who leave. I am to make you secure, give you houseroom, see that you are undisturbed. You go out be safe here.Dors bent her head. We are grateful, Sunmaster Fourteen.Sunmaster turned to look at her with an air of calm contempt. I am not unaware of the customs of the tribes, he said. I know that among them a woman may well speak before being spoken to. I am therefore not offended. I would ask her to have a care among others of the Brethren who may be of lesser knowledge in the matter.Oh really? said Dors, who was clearly offended, even if Sunmaster was not.In truth, agreed Sunmaster. Nor is it needful to use my numerical identifier when I alone of my cohort am with you. Sunmaster pull up stakes be sufficient.-Now I will ask you to come with me so that we may leave this place which is of too tribal a nature to comfort me.Comfort is for all of us, said Seldon, perhaps a little more loudly than was necessary, and we will not budge from this place unless we are assured that we will not be forcibly bent to your liking against our own natures. It is our custom that a woman may speak whenever she has something to say. If you have agreed to keep us secure, that security must be psychological as well as physical.Sunmaster gazed at Seldon levelly and said, You are bold, young tribesman. Your name?I am Hari Seldon of Helicon. My companion is Dors Venabili of Cinna.Sunmaster bowed slightly as Seldon pronounced his own name, did not move at the mention of Dorss name. He said, I have sworn to Tribesman Hummin that we will keep you safe, so I will do what I piece of ass to protect your woman companion in this. If she wishes to exercise her impudence, I will do my best to see that she is held guiltless.-Yet in one respect you must conform. And he pointed, with infinite scorn, first to Seldons head and then to Dorss.What do you mean? said Seldon.Your cephalic hair.What about it?It must not be seen.Do you mean were to shave our heads like you? Certainly not.My head is not shaven, Tribesman Seldon. I was depilated when I entered puberty, as are all the Brethren and their women.If were disgorgeing about hairlessness, then more than ever the answer is no-never.Tribesman, we ask neither shaving nor depilation. We ask only that your hair be covered when you are among us.How?I have brought skincaps that will mold themselves to your skulls, together with strips that will hide the superoptical patches the eyebrows. You will wear them while with us. And of course, Tribesman Seldon, you will shave daily-or oftener if that becomes necessary.But why must we do this?Because to us, hair on the head is repulsive and obscene.Surely, you and all your people know that it is customary for others, in all the worlds of the Galaxy, to retain their cephalic hair.We know. And those among us, like myself, who must deal with tribesmen now and then, must witness this hair. We manage, but it is unfair to ask the Brethren generally to suffer the sight.Seldon said, Very well, then, Sunmaster-but tell me. Since you are born with cephalic hair, as all of us are and as you all retain it visibly till puberty, why is it so necessary to remove it? Is it just a matter of custom or is there some rationale behind it?And the old Mycogenian said proudly, By depilation, we demonstrate to the youngster that he or she has become an adult and through depilation adults will always remember who they are and never forget that all others are but tribesmen.He waited for no response (and, in truth, Seldon could think of none) but brought out from some hidden compartment in his robe a handful of thin bits of plastic of varying color, stared keenly at the two faces before him, guardianship first one strip, then other, against each face. The colors must match reasonably, he said. No one will be fooled into thinking you are not wearing a skincap, but it must not be repulsively obvious.Finally, Sunmaster gave a particular strip to Seldon and showed him how it could be pulled out into a cap.Please put it on, Tribesman Seldon, he said. You will find the process clumsy at first, but you will grow customary to it.Seldon put it on, but the first two measure it slipped off when he tried to pull it backward over his hair.Begin just above your eyebrows, said Sunmaster. His fingers seemed to twitch, as though eager to help.Seldon said, suppressing a smile, Would you do it for me?And Sunmaster drew back, saying, almost in agitation, I couldnt. I would be touching your hair.Seldon managed to hook it on and followed Sunmasters advice, in pulling it here and there until all his hair was covered. The eyebrow patches fitted on easily. Dors, who had watched carefully, put hers on without trouble.How does it come off? asked Seldon.You have but to find an end and it will peel off without trouble. You will find it easier bot h to put on and take off if you cut your hair shorter.Id rather struggle a bit, said Seldon. Then, turning to Dors, he said in a low voice, Youre still pretty, Dors, but it does tend to remove some of the character from your face.The character is there underneath just the same, she answered. And I dare say youll grow accustomed to the hairless me.In a still lower whisper, Seldon said, I dont want to stay here long enough to get accustomed to this.Sunmaster, who ignored, with visible haughtiness, the mumblings among mere tribesmen, said, If you will enter my ground-car, I will now take you into Mycogen.37.Frankly, whispered Dors, I substructure scarcely moot Im on Trantor.I take it, then, youve never seen anything like this before? said Seldon. Ive only been on Trantor for two years and Ive spent much of my time at the University, so Im not exactly a world traveler. Still, Ive been here and there and Ive heard of this and that, but Ive never seen or heard of anything like this. The sameness.Sunmaster drove along methodically and without undue haste. There were other wagonlike vehicles in the roadway, all with hairless men at the controls, their insolent pates gleaming in the light.On either side there were three-story structures, unornamented, all lines meeting at right angles, everything gray in color.Dreary, mouthed Dors. So dreary.Egalitarian, whispered Seldon. I suspect no Brother can lay claim to precedency of any obvious kind over any other.There were many pedestrians on the walkways as they passed. There were no signs of any moving corridors and no sound of any nearby Expressway.Dors said, Im guessing the grays are women.Its hard to tell, said Seldon. The gowns hide everything and one hairless head is like another.The grays are always in pairs or with a white. The whites also walk alone and Sunmaster is a white.You may be right. Seldon raised his voice. Sunmaster, I am curious.If you are, then ask what you wish, although I am by no means required to answer.We seem to be passing through a residential area. There are no signs of business establishments, industrial areas-We are a farming federation entirely. Where are you from that you do not know this?You know I am an Outworlder, Seldon said stiffly. I have been on Trantor for only two months.Even so.But if you are a farming community, Sunmaster, how is it that we have passed no farms either?On lower levels, said Sunmaster briefly.Is Mycogen on this level entirely residential, then?And on a few others. We are what you see. Every Brother and his family lives in equivalent quarters every cohort in its own equivalent community all have the same ground-car and all Brothers drive their own. There are no servants and none are at ease through the labor of others. no(prenominal) may glory over another.Seldon lifted his shielded eyebrows at Dors and said, But some of the people wear white, while some wear gray.That is because some of the people are Brothers and some are Sisters.And we? You are a tribesman and a knob. You and your-he paused and then said-companion will not be bound by all aspects of Mycogenian life. Nevertheless, you will wear a white gown and your companion will wear a gray one and you will live in special guest quarters like our own.Equality for all seems a pleasant ideal, but what happens as your numbers add-on? Is the pie, then, cut into smaller pieces?There is no increase in numbers. That would necessitate an increase in area, which the surrounding tribesmen would not allow, or a change for the worse in our way of life.But if- began Seldon.Sunmaster cut him off. It is enough, Tribesman Seldon. As I warned you, I am not compelled to answer. Our task, which we have promised our friend Tribesman Hummin, is to keep you secure as long as you do not violate our way of life. That we will do, but there it ends. Curiosity is permitted, but it wears out our patience quickly if persisted in.Something about his tone allowed no more to be said and Seldon chafed.Hummin, for all his help, had clearly mis-stressed the matter. It was not security that Seldon sought. At least, not security alone. He needed information too and without that he could not-and would not-stay here.38.Seldon looked with some distress at their quarters. It had a small but individual kitchen and a small but individual bathroom. There were two narrow beds, two clothes closets, a table, and two chairs. In short there was everything that was necessary for two people who were willing to live under cramped conditions.We had an individual kitchen and bathroom at Cinna, said Dors with an air of resignation.Not I, said Seldon. Helicon may be a small world, but I lived in a modern city. Community kitchens and bathrooms.-What a waste this is. You might expect it in a hotel, where one is compelled to make a temporary stay, but if the whole sector is like this, imagine the enormous number and duplications of kitchens and bathrooms. founder of the egalitarianism, I suppose, s aid Dors. No fighting for favored stalls or for faster service. The same for everyone.No privacy either. Not that I mind awful, Dors, but you might and I dont want to give the appearance of taking advantage. We ought to make it clear to them that we must have separate rooms-adjoining but separate.Dors said, Im sure it wont work. Space is at a premium and I think they are amazed by their own generosity in giving us this much. Well just make do, Hari. Were each old enough to manage. Im not a blushing maiden and youll never convince me that youre a callow youth.You wouldnt be here, were it not for me.What of it? Its an adventure. solely right, then. Which bed will you take? Why dont you take the one nearer the bathroom? He sat down on the other. Theres something else that lambastes me. As long as were here, were tribespeople, you and I, as is even Hummin. Were of the other tribes, not their own cohorts, and most things are none of our business.-But most things are my business. Thats what Ive come here for. I want to know some of the things they know.Or think they know, said Dors with a historians skepticism. I understand they have legends that are supposed to date back to primordial times, but I cant believe they can be taken seriously.We cant know that until we find out what those legends are. Are there no outside records of them?Not that I know of. These people are terribly ingrown. Theyre almost psychotic in their inward clinging. That Hummin can break down their barriers somewhat and even get them to take us in is remarkable-really remarkable.Seldon brooded. There has to be an opening somewhere. Sunmaster was surprised-angry, in fact-that I didnt know Mycogen was an agricultural community. That seems to be something they dont want kept a secret.The point is, it isnt a secret. Mycogen is supposed to be from archaic haggle meaning yeast producer. At least, thats what Ive been told. Im not a paleolinguist. In any case, they culture all varieties of microfood- yeast, of course, along with algae, bacteria, multicellular fungi, and so on.Thats not uncommon, said Seldon. closely worlds have this microculture. We have some even on Helicon.Not like Mycogen. Its their specialty. They use methods as archaic as the name of their section-secret fertilizing formulas, secret environmental influences. Who knows what? All is secret.Ingrown?With a vengeance. What it amounts to is that they produce protein and subtle flavoring, so that their microfood isnt like any other in the world. They keep the volume comparatively low and the price is skyhigh. Ive never tasted any and Im sure you havent, but it sells in great quantities to the Imperial bureaucracy and to the upper classes on other worlds. Mycogen depends on such sales for its economic health, so they want everyone to know that they are the source of this valuable food. That, at least, is no secret.Mycogen must be rich, then.Theyre not poor, but I suspect that its not wealthiness theyre after. Its protection. The Imperial government protects them because, without them, there wouldnt be these microfoods that add the subtlest flavors, the tangiest spices, to every dish. That means that Mycogen can maintain its odd way of life and be haughty toward its neighbors, who believably find them insupportable.Dors looked about. They live an austere life. Theres no holovision, I notice, and no book-films.I noticed one in the closet up on the shelf. Seldon flip overed for it, stared at the label, and then said in clear disgust, A cookery book.Dors held out her hand for it and manipulated the keys. It took a while, for the arrangement was not quite orthodox, but she finally managed to light the screen and call in the pages. She said, There are a few recipes, but for the most part this seems to consist of philosophical essays on gastronomy. She shut it off and turned it round and about. It seems to be a single unit. I dont see how one would eject the microcard and insert another. A one -book scanner. Now thats a waste.Maybe they think this one book-film is all anyone needs. He reached toward the end table that was between the two beds and picked up another object. This could be a speaker, except that theres no screen.Perhaps they consider the voice sufficient.How does it work, I wonder? Seldon lifted it and looked at it from different sides. Did you ever see anything like this?In a museum once-if this is the same thing. Mycogen seems to keep itself deliberately archaic. I suppose they consider that another way of separating themselves from the so-called tribesmen that surround them in overwhelming numbers. Their archaism and odd customs make them indigestible, so to speak. Theres a kind of perverse logic to all that.Seldon, still playing with the gizmo, said, Whoops It went on. Or something went on. But I dont hear anything.Dors frowned and picked up a small felt-lined cylinder that remained behind on the end table. She put it to her ear. Theres a voice coming ou t of this, she said. Here, try it. She handed it to him.Seldon did so and said, Ouch It clips on. He listened and said, Yes, it hurt my ear. You can hear me, I take it.-Yes, this is our room. No, I dont know its number. Dors, have you any idea of the number?Dors said, Theres a number on the speaker. Maybe that will do.Maybe, said Seldon doubtfully. Then he said into the speaker, The number on this device is 6LT-3648A. Will that do?-Well, where do I find out how to use this device properly and how to use the kitchen, for that matter?-What do you mean, It all works the usual way? That doesnt do me any good. See here, Im a a tribesman, an honored guest. I dont know the usual way.-Yes, Im sorry about my accent and Im glad you can recognize a tribesman when you hear one. My name is Hari Seldon.There was a pause and Seldon looked up at Dors with a longsuffering expression on his face. He has to look me up. And I suppose hell tell me he cant find me.-Oh, you have me? Good In that case, can you give me the information?-Yes. Yes.-Yes.-And how can I call someone outside Mycogen?-Oh, then what about contacting Sunmaster Fourteen, for instance?-Well, his assistant then, his aide, whatever?-Uh-huh.-Thank you.He put the speaker down, unhooked the hearing device from his ear with a little difficulty, turned the whole thing off, and said, Theyll arrange to have someone show us anything we need to know, but he cant promise when that might be. You cant call outside Mycogen-not on this thing anyway-so we couldnt get Hummin if we needed him. And if I want Sunmaster Fourteen, Ive got to go through a tremendous rigmarole. This may be an egalitarian society, but there seem to be exceptions that I bet no one will openly admit. He looked at his watch. In any case, Dors, Im not going to view a cookbook and still less am I going to view learned essays. My watch is still telling University time, so I dont know if its officially bedtime and at the moment I dont care. Weve been awake most of the night and I would like to sleep.Thats all right with me. Im tired too.Thanks. And whenever a new day starts after weve caught up on our sleep, Im going to ask for a tour of their microfood plantations.Dors looked startled. Are you interested?Not really, but if thats the one thing theyre proud of, they should be willing to talk about it and once I get them into a talking mood then, by exerting all my charm, I may get them to talk about their legends too. Personally, I think thats a clever strategy.I hope so, said Dors dubiously, but I think that the Mycogenians will not be so easily trapped.Well see, said Seldon grimly. I mean to get those legends.39.The next morning found Hari using the calling device again. He was angry because, for one thing, he was hungry.His attempt to reach Sunmaster Fourteen was deflected by someone who insisted that Sunmaster could not be disturbed.Why not? Seldon had asked waspishly.Obviously, there is no need to answer that question, came back a cold voice.We were not brought here to be prisoners, said Seldon with equal coldness. Nor to starve.Im sure you have a kitchen and ample supplies of food.Yes, we do, said Seldon. And I do not know how to use the kitchen devices, nor do I know how to prepare the food. Do you eat it raw, fry it, boil it, roast it?I cant believe you are ignorant in such matters.Dors, who had been tempo up and down during this colloquy, reached for the device and Seldon fended her off, whispering, Hell break the connection if a woman tries to speak to him.Then, into the device, he said more firmly than ever, What you believe or dont believe doesnt matter to me in the least. You send someone here-someone who can do something about our situation-or when I reach Sunmaster Fourteen, as I will eventually, you will pay for this.Nevertheless, it was two hours before someone arrived (by which time Seldon was in a state of savagery and Dors had grown rather desperate in her attempt to soothe him).The newcomer was a young man whose bald pate was slightly freckled and who probably would have been a redhead otherwise.He was bearing several pots and he seemed about to explain them when he suddenly looked uneasy and turned his back on Seldon in alarm. Tribesman, he said, obviously agitated. Your skincap is not well adjusted.Seldon, whose impatience had reached the breaking point, said, That doesnt bother me.Dors, however, said, Let me adjust it, Hari. Its just a bit too high here on the left side.Seldon then growled, You can turn now, young man. What is your name?I am Graycloud Five, said the Mycogenian uncertainly as he turned and looked cautiously at Seldon. I am a novitiate. I have brought a meal for you. He hesitated. From my own kitchen, where my woman prepared it, tribesman. He put the pots down on the table and Seldon raised one lid and sniffed the contents suspiciously. He looked up at Dors in surprise.You know, it doesnt smell bad.Dors nodded. Youre right. I can smell it too.Graycloud sai d, Its not as hot as it ought to be. It cooled off in transport. You must have crockery and cutlery in your kitchen.Dors got what was needed, and after they had eaten, largely and a bit greedily, Seldon felt civilized once more.Dors, who realized that the young man would feel disquieted at being alone with a woman and even unhappier if she spoke to him, found that, by default, it fell to her to carry the pots and dishes into the kitchen and wash them-once she deciphered the controls of the washing device.Meanwhile, Seldon asked the local time and said, somewhat abashed, You mean its the middle of the night?Indeed, tribesman, said Graycloud. Thats why it took a while to satisfy your need.Seldon understood suddenly why Sunmaster could not be disturbed and thought of Grayclouds woman having to be awakened to prepare him a meal and felt his conscience gnaw at him. Im sorry, he said. We are only tribespeople and we didnt know how to use the kitchen or how to prepare the food. In the mor ning, could you have someone arrive to instruct us properly?The best I can do, tribesmen, said Graycloud placatingly, is to have two Sisters sent in. I ask your pardon for inconveniencing you with feminine presence, but it is they who know these things.Dors, who had emerged from the kitchen, said (before remembering her place in the masculine Mycogenian society), Thats fine, Graycloud. Wed fare to meet the Sisters.Graycloud looked at her uneasily and fleetingly, but said nothing.Seldon, convinced that the young Mycogenian would, on principle, refuse to have heard what a woman said to him, reiterate the remark. Thats fine, Graycloud. Wed love to meet the Sisters.His expression cleared at once. I will have them here as soon as it is day.When Graycloud had left, Seldon said with some satisfaction, The Sisters are likely to be exactly what we need.Indeed? And in what way, Hari? asked Dors.Well, surely if we treat them as though they are human beings, they will be grateful enough to sp eak of their legends.If they know them, said Dors skeptically. Somehow I have no faith that the Mycogenians bother to educate their women very well.40.The Sisters arrived some six hours later after Seldon and Dors had slept some more, hoping to readjust their biological clocks. The Sisters entered the apartment shyly, almost on tiptoe. Their gowns (which, it turned out, were termed kirtles in the Mycogenian dialect) were soft velvety gray, each uniquely decorated by a subtle pattern of fine, darker gray webbing. The kirtles were not entirely unattractive, but they were certainly most efficient at covering up any human feature. And, of course, their heads were bald and their faces were devoid of any ornamentation. They darted speculative glances at the touch of blue at the corners of Dorss eyes and at the slight red stain at the corners of her lips. For a few moments, Seldon wondered how one could be certain that the Sisters were truly Sisters.The answer came at once with the Sisters politely formal greetings. Both twittered and chirped. Seldon, remembering the grave tones of Sunmaster and the nervous baritone of Graycloud, suspect that women, in default of obvious sexual identification, were forced to cultivate distinctive voices and social mannerisms.Im Raindrop Forty-Three, twittered one, and this is my younger sister.Raindrop Forty-Five, chirped the other. Were very strong on Raindrops in our cohort. She giggled.I am pleased to meet you both, said Dors gravely, but now I must know how to address you. I cant just say Raindrop, can I?No, said Raindrop Forty-Three. You must use the full name if we are both here.Seldon said, How about just Forty-Three and Forty-Five, ladies?They both stole a quick glance at him, but said not a word.Dors said softly, Ill deal with them, Hari.Seldon stepped back. Presumably, they were single young women and, very likely, they were not supposed to speak to men. The older one seemed the pointrel of the two and was perhaps the more puritanical. It was hard to tell from a few words and a quick glance, but he had the feeling and was willing to go by that.Dors said, The thing is, Sisters, that we tribespeople dont know how to use the kitchen.You mean you cant cook? Raindrop Forty-Three looked shocked and censorious. Raindrop Forty-Five smothered a laugh. (Seldon decided that his initial estimate of the two was correct.)Dors said, I once had a kitchen of my own, but it wasnt like this one and I dont know what the foods are or how to prepare them.Its really quite simple, said Raindrop Forty-Five. We can show you.Well make you a good nourishing lunch, said Raindrop Forty-Three. Well make it for both of you. She hesitated before adding the final words. It clearly took an effort to acknowledge the existence of a man.If you dont mind, said Dors, I would like to be in the kitchen with you and I would appreciate it if youd explain everything exactly. After all, Sisters, I cant expect you to come here three times a day t o cook for us.We will show you everything, said Raindrop Forty-Three, nodding her head stiffly. It may be difficult for a tribeswoman to learn, however. You wouldnt have the feeling for it.I shall try, said Dors with a pleasant smile. They disappeared into the kitchen.Seldon stared after them and tried to work out the strategy he intended to use.

Theory of Holism

The theory of General Systems and Holism Biophysically model suggests that the understanding of the ailment from the perspective of the mind Is crucial to the complex nature of health. To have a more Len- depth view over the health experiences and the nature of Illness whizz must add psychological and social factors to the biomedical explanation (Morrison, Bennett, 2012).For example, if we intend to analyze depression only from the biological point IEEE, we would only identify its biomedical causes the genetics of depression. However, depression, as supported by the research, can be caused by multiple causes such as traumatic event experienced by the respective(prenominal) at the early age, difficult social context, as for instance, lack of social support, etc. Analysis becomes much more complex, but at the same age more profound and peg, when utilizing biophysically model.The development of the biophysically model by Engel in 1974 was contributed to through such theories, as th e theory of General Systems and Holism. The theory of General Systems Insists that for a complete understanding of processes, which are occurring Inside a human being, there Is a need to not only look at the Interrelations of enzymes In a cubicle (biological approach but also think about conscious (cognitive) and unconscious (psychoanalytical)

Leadership Style Essay

Effective leadinghiphip is contingent on matching a leaders style to a setting that fits (Northo apply, 2007). According to Fiedlers Contingency Theory, leadership styles are operationalized primarily on two ends of a spectrum, they are characterized as task motivated, or relationship motivated (Northouse, 2007). I debate in the adage that exercising makes perfect. In this paper, I bequeath look into an alternative way for leaders to lead when they find themselves situated in an admonishing situation.In the case of leadership an administrator, manager, or executive program should use a musing mindful praxis to improve their powerfulness to make decisions that will activeness optimal outcomes from the makeups they lead in all situations, especially unfavorable singles. Fiedlers research demonstrates, in essence, if you get intot fit the team mold, you are unfit to lead the team. The contingency model asserts that leadership styles fanny be gauged by the Least Preferred Co worker (LPC) scale. This model posits leadership styles on a spectrum ranging from task motivated, slump LPC, or relationship motivated, high LPC.The contingency aspect ties the leadership styles to situational variables of the organization. The situational variables include leader-member relations, task structure and positional power (Northouse, 2007). Leader-member relations are characterized as good or slimy depending on feelings found in the convocation atmosphere, relationships and trust. Although there is no scale for the task structure, the situational variable in the model, there is a low-cal exposition of the term. The variable is operationalized by high structure and low structure.Position power is characterized by the government agency a leader has to deliver the proverbial carrot or the stick, i. e. rewards and punishments (Northouse, 2007). Fiedler has an infrastanding of why leaders in the wrong setting are in efficient (Northouse, 2007). The correlation between the leaders LPC score and the group or organizations performance depended (or was contingent) on the degree to which the leadership situation was favorable(Fiedler, 1995). A leader in an uncomfortable and unfitting situation experiences stress and anxiety (Northouse, 2007).A leader under stress is likely to exhibit in arrogate behaviors and revert to less mature ways of coping that were in condition(p) in early development (Northouse, 2007). The leaders less appropriate behaviors and decisions result in blackball work outcomes (Northouse, 2007). This may be true in most situations however, with our proposed alternative model, the M archetype (M2), leaders can be taught how to transform their leadership style so that it transforms poor situations into good situations with successful outcomes. Hackman and Wagemann (2007) view it is essential that we understand how to help leaders learn.Leaders can become even more effective if they are able to learn from their experience, both su ccesses and failures without assigning cause to something or someone out of their mark (Hackman and Wagemann, 2007). The M2 posits a leader learning strategy grounded in metacognition and heedfulness. Cognitive psychologists use the term metacognition to describe our ability to evaluate our own skills, friendship, or learning (Lang, 2012). Chew describes metacognition as a persons sensory faculty of his or her own level of knowledge and thought processes (Lang, 2012).As stated by Kruger and Dunning, those with limited knowledge in a domain suffer a dual burden Not that do they reach mistaken conclusions and make regrettable errors, but their incompetence robs them of the ability to realize it (Krugger, Dunning, 1999). The M2 way is to practice metacognition as it relates to leadership skills and behaviors. M2 practitioners develop a practical understanding of their leadership abilities in various settings and they use their metacognitive awareness to improve their leadership sk ills in various situations.The other half of the M2 way is for the leader to be fully aware of their actions and the likely outcomes. This strategy is met by improving ones heedfulness. Put simply, mindfulness practice is being aware of what is, what is happening now in the present moment (Bing, 2012). Goldman (2010) uses a definition of mindfulness from Rinchen in 2001. Rinchens definition of mindfulness situated in the leadership context is ridding ourselves of banish mental states and fostering and developing constructive ones (Goldman, 2010). Mindfulness has shown to be effective in improving ones performance in stressful situations (Kabat-Zinn, 1990).Therefore, the M2 strategy is to teach the leader to be aware of their actions in the moment and this is accomplished vis a vis a practice of mindfulness. We postulate this mindful awareness will surrender the M2 leader to make better choices in whatever situation they find themselves in. The keystone of the M Model (M2) is refle ctive leadership praxis. Praxis is the practice of an art or craft, such as leading (Bing Dictionary, 2012). with reflection leaders analyze various leadership concepts, evaluate their experiences, and develop their personal leadership supposition (Astin, 2000).Reflection provides leaders with the opportunity to examine and question and develop beliefs and values. It involves observation, questioning, and putting facts, ideas, and experiences together to construct forward-looking meaning and wisdom (UNK). Yukl (2008) finds that effective leaders are waxy and adaptive. We expect the M2 method combining metacognition, mindfulness and reflective practice will develop effective leaders. The proper place to begin is often at the beginning. The M2 solution posits that the leader must not only know themselves, but also their organization.With that knowledge of themselves and their organization applied to the contingency theory we can propose a solution to Fiedlers catch 22 that a leade r in a poor situation is doomed. The M2 solution begins at the point when a leader finds herself in a poor situation. The M2 leader knows her strengths, LPC score and other relevant situational and organisational information. She is taught to assess the organization thoroughly based on the situational variables. The assessment leads to the realization she is in the wrong situation and with M2 skills this find is made sooner than later.Knowing she is in the wrong situation the leader can take action to alleviate the stress that, Fiedler suggested, leads to poor decision making. Upon realizing she is in the poor and stressed situation the M2 leader will apply her reflective leadership practices for optimal outcomes. This is a set of practices that include development of the weekly or daily habit of reflecting upon actions taken and the results of those actions. The reflection will include a commitment to ongoing and additive written reflection and regular discussion with their M2 co ach (Mabry, 1998).This reflection will lead the M2 leader to be more aware of her actions in the moment. This awareness will allow for a clearer understanding of a inevitable result. Awareness in the moment will allow the M2 leader to choose a more appropriate action for the situation. This fits with the situational approached developed by Hersey and Blanchard. The premise of situational leadership is that an effective leader will be flexible and adapt to the situation (Northouse, 2007). The M2 hypothesizes that reflective praxis and mindful action will lead to improved organizational outcomes.Although Fiedlers contingency theory has not always been collaborated by other research, it works. Our preliminary analysis predicts that the reflective leadership praxis of M2 will enhance the skills of the leader that finds herself in a favorable or unfavorable situation. The M2 practitioner in an unfavorable situation will not suffer the consequences of stress related poor decision-making. The M2 practitioner will be able to make choices that result in optimal outcomes not only for the organization but also for the people she leads.

An Analysis On Upper Echelon Theory Essay

The hurrying Echelon Theory links the attributes of firm performance and top management team members. Furthermore, this theory argues that the attributes of a certain(p)(a) person affect the attitudes and preferences of top members and the team dynamics. The theory suggests that the organizational outcomes are the result of the strategic choices that the managers make.The nous that the value, goals, and aspirations of top management influenced organizations culture and systems can be proven by numerous corporations from different industries that tolerate gained reputation and credibility in the marketplace for providing excellent products and quality services (Coyle-Shapiro, 2005). Those companies have good historical backgrounds and currently possess great missions and visions for their organizations.The goals and values of a certain organization go out the competitive strategy of the firm as suggested by the theory. Apparently, the prominent organizations that have been includ ed on the lists of economic companies portray excellence in terms of employee line-ups and performance. The great deal who are highly skilled and possess loaded determination are usually found working in these corporations.In other words, the people on the top management could predict the success and future status of the caller-out based on the values and goals that the confederacy would like to achieve in every project. On the contrary to the theory of Hambrick and Mason, Laske and Maynes suggest that people have already their firm beliefs regarding certain issues prior to their participation to an organization. Naturally, people act, talk, and behave according to the constructed truthfulness that the society had provided for them (Laske and Maynes, 2002).In this aspect, Laske and Maynes argue that the organization may or may not fail disregardless of the values set by the organization because of the diverse personalities under that firm. The person who works for a certain o rganization may do his or her job merely because of the benefits like compensation and promotion that the company can offer and not because of what the goals that the top management would like to achieve for the company as a whole.Generally, upper echelon theory proposes a good view in the organizational outcomes however, it shows conflicts on the values that the company sets and the employees in that firm possess.ReferencesCoyle-Shapiro, J. (2005). The Employment Relationship. USA Oxford University Press Laske, O. and Maynes, B. (2002). Growing the Top Management Team musical accompaniment Mental Growth as a Vehicle for Promoring Organizational Learning. The Journal of Management Development. Bradford MCB Ltd. Vol. 21

Crisis and Trauma Counseling Essay

Crisis and Trauma CounselingIntroduction Wright who is the motive of this book begins by discussing his own individual dilemma where he had to mystify a decision. Wright narrates a emotional state story which serves as a basis by which the human decision making subject is built. Wright uses this start to relate to his reader whilst examining accidental injury focussing and in like manner personal crisis. Wright defined the crisis nature where he show that there is no individual who can escape the crisis inevitability. In this gaze the author stated that individuals should unceasingly be prepargond on how to turn to with crisis which is a critical issue. In this book focus at last shifts to describe the scriptural ship canal which can be used in helping individuals to shoot down by means of and by from the traumatic experiences. by dint of his book, Wright shows a strong understanding of emotions and feelings of the people (Wright, 2011).Abstract This book depicts the Christian bearing in wait oning those who are in dire need in a manner that delivery boy did. In the book, Wright provides valuable instruction that would serve as an asset for lay person or Christian counselors. He also discusses ab place the life of Jesus where he states that Jesus was and even now is a pose to be emulated by all told the Christian counselors. All the Christian counselors should lead by example and all their efforts should be directed in helping those individuals who are facing crisis and not hurting them. Wright provides some biblical principles including ways of applying scripture during a steering session and understanding the trauma or crisis mathematical process. The biblical survey of Wright can be of great importance to those individuals who are in helping profession and seek out in doing the work of God. Wright also emphasizes on comprehend, building rapport, having empathy, trust and giving promise to those experiencing trauma and crisis. He al so provides scriptures together with personal accounts purposed to form basis for inexperienced counselors in the profession in accessory to those who want to improve their skills. He also provides a variety of techniques to the readers with an aim of guiding the Christian counselors through their journey in helping victims who are in crisis. The book also providers the readers with improved understanding ways of approaching topics like passing of loved ones or suicide whether they are children, adolescence or adults (Wright, 2011). Wright recognizes the fears that ministers while walkway into new parts which involves crisis or trauma. He states that learning on ways of handling these situations through practice and precept allow improve the skills of the minister in assisting the victims. The author also advises readers on use biblical principles to assist the person to develop bravery to help him or her to hang on through the hard ms. The author in his book a good counselor should have the ability to hold her or his tongue. In this regard Wright shows that a good counselor should practice active audience. In this regard they should listen with their body, eyes and also by affirming understanding as well as empathy. Wright gives a recommendation that counselors should scrutinize themselves prior to advising former(a) individuals on situations. One recommendation of the boob is that ministers should use Jesus like an example to them of how to treat the trauma/ crisis victims. This is because Jesus portrayed his ability to accept those individuals who were hurting. In this regard, Jesus was able to help and love individuals through their grief through this acceptance. The author also advises about the counselors call foring the questions from the clients so as to understand more about the situation of the client prior to giving counsel (Wright, 2011).Concrete Responses I had a very(prenominal) traumatizing experience when I was only 9 years old. This was when I was kidnapped by unknown criminals as I was coming back home from school. They pretended that they were enquiring someaffair from me and then they got hold me and I was forced to enter into an awaiting gondola and then sped off at high speed. They were four guys and I was threatened that in causa I tried screaming they would shoot me to death and I was very terrified. One of the guys covered my eyes using a piece of cloth and I was taken to an unknown building. I was chained and I was torture both physically and psychologically. I was beaten using a cane and even shocked with the galvanising cords where I went through untold suffering. The torturers threatened that they ordain eventually kill me and I will never see my family and friends again. Those evil torturers also tortured me by pouring boiling water to my legs. Eventually, I was rescued after two weeks of hell and I was rushed to a hospital where I was admitted for a month. All this time, many questions kept lingering in my mind regarding to why I had to go through this traumatizing experience at such a tender age. I developed hate and bitterness to every stranger and I had to be taken to counseling sessions to recover from the entire traumatizing event. My family and friends were equally disturbed by that traumatizing experience. I will never forget about that terrible experience in the rest of my life. reproval This book has many positives and Wright who is the author is able to provide a valuable guide on how to deal with trauma and crisis. He is able to relate all this biblical principles through his biblical perspective which instills hope to those who are suffering. Through this biblical perspective the Christian counselors are able to understand the whole process of trauma or crisis thus they are able to apply scripture in their counseling sessions. Through the use of biblical principles those people who are undergoing hard times are able to gain courage to persevere. The author advises the counselors on how to become good counselors so as to be able to help individuals to pull through from traumatic events. The author also shows a great understanding of the feelings and emotions of the individuals. He also advised the counselors to emulate Jesus as a perfect example of how to treat the trauma/crisis victims (Wright, 2011). There are also some negatives about the book for instance the author states that traumatic events were not common in the past tense as they are in the contemporary society. This is not necessarily so because in the past people did disclose their traumatic experiences that happened to them. Also in the past the media did not publicize violence heavily as it does today since in the past individuals were more private regarding such matters. Another negative thing concerning the book is the way Wright treated the subject concerning opponent. Before he mentions confrontation Wright focuses more on counseling skills like empathy connecting these skills to the behaviors that Jesus portrayed. Wright went ahead to relate confrontation to showing empathy for a person in assisting them to make improved choices. Nevertheless, the book fails to point out the thought of biblical rebuke and also the ideal situation when this sort of confrontation should be used. This is because when confrontation is employed too early in a case of a relationship it can spoil the rapport of the minister with the client however the kind of confrontation required is also a crucial subject which is supposed to be discussed. Therefore, the author provided limited information regarding how to confront the clients and also deciding the ideal timing for such confrontation (Wright, 2011).Action This book will act as an important guide in my life so that I can be able to help those who are going through various traumatic experiences in their lives. Life is estimable of such events and therefore this will help me in preparing me to deal with such situat ions and gain courage to persevere such experiences. I will start basing all the experiences that I undergo and those that my friends are undergoing though a biblical perspective. I have learnt to be a good counselor by adopting active listening when helping the victims of trauma/crisis. I have learnt on how to treat the victims facing crisis/trauma through listening to them, building rapport, having empathy, trust and instilling hope to them. I have also learnt how to approach topics like loss of loved ones and suicide among others. I have also decided to take an action and emulate Jesus who was an exemplary figure in assisting people. I will also be referring to the book from time to time as a way of polishing my skills as a counselor. I have also learnt how and when to ask questions from the victims needing help so that I can be able to understand their situation so that I can be able to give them valuable counsel (Wright, 2011).ReferencesWright, H. N., & Wright, H. N. (2011). Th e complete guide to crisis & trauma counseling what to do and say when it matters most (Updated & expanded. ed.). Ventura, Calif. Regal/From Gospel Light.Source document