Financial Management – Risk Analysis

There are also reputation threats such as damage to the company's reputation in the market or from employee loyalty. You also have procedural risk, project, and financial, technical risk. Natural and political risk as well. Company decision makers must think through the systems, organizations or structures they operate, and analyze risks to any part of them. Once the threats have been acknowledged, the next step is to work out the probability of the threat being carried out and to evaluate its impact.A company must workout the value of risks It faces, so that the company can start to look at ways of dealing with them. When a company does this, It Is critical to choose cost effective methods. Risk analysis allows an organization to examine the risks that it faces. It Is based on a well thought out plan of attack In thinking through threats, followed by an evaluation of the probability and cost of Incidents occurring. Risk analysis forms the basis for risk management and crisis prevent ion. Five Interview Questions- Week SIX 1 . How would you Identify threats facing your company? . After Identifying the threats facing your company, how would you go about In assessing Its Impact? 3. How would you go about managing risk to your company? 4. After carrying out a risk analysis would you continue with regular reviews? 5. Why Is risk analysis so Important for a company? Financial Management – Risk Analysis By Judicial threats such as damage to the company's reputation in the market or from employee A company must workout the value of risks it faces, so that the company can start to kook at ways of dealing with them.When a company does this, it is critical to choose it faces. It is based on a well thought out plan of attack in thinking through threats, followed by an evaluation of the probability and cost of incidents occurring. Risk Five Interview Questions- Week Six 1 . How would you identify threats facing your company? 2. After identifying the threats facing yo ur company, how would you go about in assessing its impact? 5. Why is risk analysis so important for a company?

Does Language Shape Culture?

Csecsei Luca 12. IB Does language shape culture? Most questions of whether and how language shapes thought start with the simple observation that languages differ from one another. And a lot! Just look at the way people talk, they might say. Certainly, speakers of different languages must attend to strikingly different aspects of the world just so they can use their language properly. The word order can be completely different among languages. And also there are tenses in some languages that we do not have, use or do not know what it really means. Such as the subjunctive in spanish language. It is a tense which is the hardest to learn while learning spanish, because such a tense that has so many meanings does not exist nor in hungarian, neither in english. I had the chance to spend a year in the U. K. and i also to take spanish there, i experinced that to learn this tense is just as hard for the english as it was for me when I learned spanish in my previous school, which was a spanish-hungarian bilingual school. Culture is learned, but taught through the language. Language is never the entity which has been invented in isolation. It certainly has evolved gradually with the continuous development of a culture. A culture being a building made of different beliefs in supernatural, social behaviors, human emotions, or way of expressing feelings, the language has continually adapted accordingly to accommodate these identified notion and gesture of human activity. Finding a symbolism every time to register it in the language, thus contributing to its growth. A language has always been a weapon to express one's ideas and feelings. And the reason enough to make this weapon more efficient to handle one's need of expressing things with intended accuracy. It has been tuned-up with each new finding, getting honed up continually to get its flawless shape with developing culture. Culture is determined by the language it uses with a great extent. The first thing that comes to my mind is always slang. Language clearly shows where people belong, if someone speaks really mincing his words that shows he is educated nd nor grown up on the streets like most of the people who use slang words and developed a whole new language between them. We are all members of a social group and members of `society? as a whole. People interact in many ways and communication is just about the most common and among the most important. Whatever is meaningful to a group, from their everyday life to their traditions constitutes their very own culture and is generally respec ted by all group members. Language is only one of such items. For ethnic minority groups that may have a language of their own, their language is a cornerstone in their culture. Take a look at dialects anywhere int he world. It clearly shows different customs, not just in language or communication. There a lots of dialects in South-America, for instance. Spanish in Latinamerica differs a lot from nations to nations, or we can also say, from culture to culture. There are dialects also in our country, Hungary. And people on the north of the country speak in a different way, like pronounce sounds so much different. Use words and expressions that we do not use at all. They also have differently built, constructed and decorated houses, songs, tales and wear different clothes as their costume. Taken together I do think linguistic processes are obtrusive in most fundamental domains of thought, unconsciously shaping us from the nuts and bolts of observation and perception to major life decisions. Language is central to our experience of being human and is central to our beliefs, and the languages we speak profoundly shape our culture.

Othello and Racism Essay

Held a captive and cannot escape the grips of racism, Othello must battle with this matter from day one till his call of death. Just because his skin tone is unusual from Venice and its citizens, makes Othello an outcast . Although born a black moor, Othello has all the great characteristics a man should have. Being courageous, honorable, intelligent and all the aspects a woman would want in a husband. He grew up to be a venetian military general who has risen to high position of power is viewed in two means. One, since Othello belongs to the military realm he hence deserves the respect and authority any other general should receive. Second view is highly different and because the race role is a huge issue, it essentially eliminates the first way people would view Othello. But this doesn’t stop Desdemona from falling in love with him and making him her husband. The color of Othello’s skin doesn’t bother Desdemona one bit which isn’t the case for the rest of the characters seen throughout the play. Before Othello’s name is even mentioned in the play, racial slurs are being said and the audience is being introduced to how Othello will be treated. In Act I Scene I, Rodrigo and Iago talk about â€Å"the moor†, â€Å"the thick-lips† and â€Å"the old black ram† . Small comments like these slowly bring out the characteristics that multiple characters share in this play. Iago and Rodrigo aren’t the only ones who have a problem with Othello; Desdemona’s father ,Brabantio, is in the same boat with Iago and Rodrigo. Brabantio is a self-important the Venetian Senator whose main priorities are his job and his daughter. If one of these main concerns aren’t necessarily going his way, then there could be a problem. Othello encounters this the hard way unfortunately. Brabantio hears news about how his daughter has gotten married but not to any regular guy, to a moor.

Individual reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual reflection - Essay Example d three members and every member focused on their own part; I thought group presentations involved teamwork, where all the members discussed the whole assignment together. My part involved the critical analysis of the key economic, political, socio-cultural, and environmental factors influencing the destination of choice. Moreover, I tackled the background of the destination and the identification of the involvement of stakeholders in the planning process. Our group chose North Devon as the destination and analyzed the management plan. I felt enlightened to discover various aspects about North Devon. To begin with, we planned on how we were to meet for every discussion with the group members. At the first meeting, we read the guidance of the presentation requirements. Every member of the group was given their own role to research on. Every member of the group was required to make an outline of what they needed to do. The outline enabled me to be organized on my research from the initial to final stages of presenting the findings. All the members of the group tabled their outline for approval by the rest of the group members. The discussion groups helped me to keep on track with my research findings. We helped each other through sharing of information and the research process. The internet was a good source for me in the research and I shared this with all the group members. In addition, we also found the library books a good source of information, which provided concrete information regarding destination planning in tourism. However, I felt that it was so involving looking for p hysical books, while we could find the information and some of the books online. Moreover, we helped each other with any difficulty that we met in the investigation process. It was a challenge for us to determine the actual design of our PowerPoint presentation, but we had to compromise and assist each other in the determination and drafting of the actual work. This helped us to synthesize

Environmental Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental Management Systems - Essay Example To understand its ramifications a company has to systematically consider all the factors driving the complex relationships between its business model and the environment and how it affects the company's competitiveness and the balance sheet. Effective environmental policies and programmes need to be worked out and put in place. Environment Management System (EMS) is an operational tool for managing these impacts on an organisation's activities on the environment (Australia 2007)1. It provides a platform for a structured approach to planning and implementing environment protection measures. An EMS integrates environmental management into the company's daily operations, long-term planning, quality control systems and finally end up in the Annual Report. Today computers have pervaded and revolutionised all sorts of office work. Paper and white-collar offices are becoming things of the past and have been replaced with network infrastructures and functionality has shifted to the Internet, automation and e-business solutions. Computers bring efficiency and allow reduction in staff and office space at the same time copiously enhances volumetric capacity of data storage and simplifies retrieval of information. Clearly, this transformation has environmental and social benefits such as reduced consumption of paper has revitalized forest resources. Video conferencing has reduced travel, saving both money and time. All such repositioning forms part of EMS. An effective EMS can assist an organisation to: Minimise environmental liabilities and demonstrate good corporate practices and ethics. Maximize efficiency in utilising resources and reduce waste. Inculcate environmental concern among its employees to gain a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the work they are involved in. Stay on course with efficient operations to achieve corporate motive of increasing profits without compromising environmental concerns. Organisations can use EMS to ensure that their performance is within regulatory requirements, and prepare ahead of more stringent regulations that might be necessitated in the future. Case Studies It will be appropriate to study implementation of some successful EMS by big and small organisations. In some case studies analysed below we find how some corporate giants and local government bodies have effectively introduced EMS standards and are successfully evolving them. We also see how brutalities on nature by some big players are brought to justice through community movements and without management commitment EMS is not always a win-win situation. Konica Minolta Model Konica Minolta, the Japanese multinational giant involved in imaging and office solutions business, is successfully implementing environment friendly policies in their large network of establishments around the world (Report, 2005 p.18) 2. Some of the measures they have beneficially introduced are: By minimising product size and weight the company not only conserved in-put resources but also scaled down requirement of transport. They further improved upon it with design cameras and digital multi functional devices and came out with new greener models

The Munich Agreement of September 1938 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Munich Agreement of September 1938 - Essay Example This has made these states consider the agreement as a Munich dictate, whose aim was to allow the Germans to continue with the occupation of the Czechoslovakia land. The paper will discuss the reasons why Neville Chamberlain signed the Munich Agreement. Why Neville Chamberlain signed the Munich Agreement Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the time the Berlin agreement was signed in Munich Germany. He is seen as a conservative politician who operates under the appeasement policy. Throughout his tenure in office as British Prime Minister, he is portrayed as a leader who practiced anti-war policies and would do everything possible to ensure that peace prevail. This saw him sign the Munich Agreement despite being ridiculed and branded as a coward. This is because, Chamberlain considered the matter that was bringing disagreement between Germany and Czechoslovakia as something which could be solved diplomatically (Caputi 2000 p.187). He, therefore, sought f or a diplomatic course by trying everything possible to convince Hitler who was much opposed to the agreement to concede, sign the agreement, and avoid war ((McDonough 1998). One of the main reasons Chamberlain signed the Munich Agreement was to ensure that Britain maintained super power status in Europe, both in terms of the economy and imperial power. McDonough (1998 p.4) argues that chamberlain was an assertive politician who was realistic and able but was much aware that Britain was not in a position both military or economically to maintain control of the world. He, therefore, wanted Britain to retain its influence in Europe and retain the independence of Britain. For Britain to achieve its mission, Chamberlain felt that the best way to do this was by avoiding a world war, which was eminent (Parker 1993 P.48). He was, therefore, obliged to sign the agreement so that Britain can remain super power both economically and imperially. For a country to go into war, it needs to get su pport of the nation for it to be successful. Chamberlain signed the agreement because he was not sure as to whether he could get the support of his country in case he accepted to go into war (Grayson 2001). Before the signing of the agreement, Chamberlain kept seeking for the nation and cabinet support in his plan Z strategy in case war was unavoidable. He, however, did not get the kind of support, which made him doubt whether his nation would follow him into war. This prompted him to sign the agreement to avoid criticism from his nation (Caputi 2000 p.187). War is always associated with high costs, as it requires use of resources, arsenals and the army (Rowe 2004). Chamberlain felt that it was noble to for him to consider signing the Munich Agreement, which would prevent Britain from incurring such heavy costs associated with war. This shows that Chamberlain was not opposed to war as some historians branded him as a coward but instead he was being guided by moral values. It is only Germany that was prepared to pay these costs by ensuring that the fight for the annexation of Nazi Germans in Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain and government of France were however much opposed to subjecting their nations to these costs since the matter at hand to them was not worth the costs. This is seen in the Munich riddle that going to war need concrete cause, willingness, arsenals and the men, which to Chamberlain and Daladier were lacking according to Caputi (2000 p.192). Therefore, Chamberlain had no choice but to sign the Berlin Agreement. It is

Perspectives on Case Manager Project Research Paper

Perspectives on Case Manager Project - Research Paper Example In part one, a team of two researchers carried out an eighteen in-person interviews (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Notably, when one of two staff researchers was not available, either the interview proceeding was recorded or the project attorney carried on as, a substitute to maintain consistency of the interviews. More significantly, all stakeholders participated voluntarily and were subjected to the same set of questions. The open-ended questions interview took place at a location chosen by the interviewee within an average time of one hour. More so, these interviews occurred between October 2010 and December 2010 after the project had been in the market for six months. The full set of interview questions are located in â€Å"Appendix A† of this report while below is a description of the total number of interviewees and job categories: Bench Officers: One full-time dependency court Judge and one dependency Judge working part-time in criminal cases. Attorneys: Five dependency att orneys—three individual interviews, group of two attorneys. Social Worker’ from the Human Services Agency, Children’s Services Division: Three emergency response social workers, one Division Chief, and two treatment unit supervisors overseeing programs of group homes, residential treatment, placements, adoptions, and commencement planning. County Unified School District Staff: One superintendent secretary, and one child welfare linked with custody of student records. Local Community Based Organization: A focus group interview consisting of one Executive Director, one Associate Executive Director of Programs, and one Clinical Program Manager. This agency provides a wide range of services designed to foster healthy families. The researchers’ objectives of the stakeholder interview were to gain an understanding and discuss the project in terms of—communication, goals, teamwork and collaboration, resources, and impacts of the case manager position Comm unication Researchers received a wide variation of responses based on how often the stakeholder’s role communicated with the case manager. More significantly, each stakeholder had a different role and thus, communication with the case manager took place at different times and for different reasons. Only eleven percent of interviewees were able to give researchers a frequency of how often the communication occurs. Another eleven percent stated that communications occurred by either phone or email. In addition, researchers received key information about caseload type(s) and reasons as, to why communication among stakeholders is widespread or not. Notably, one interviewee stated that, â€Å"half of my cases have contact with the case manager†¦my caseload is up to 100.† Along the same lines, seventeen percent of interviewees mentioned that because the caseload for the target population is so low, they hardly ever cross paths (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Conversely, twen ty-two percent of interviewees noted that they have never worked with the case manager. Moreover, the variation in responses depended on various settings. Seventeen percent of interviewees attested to the fact that their communications were in settings such as, formal meetings and dependency hearings. More significantly, twenty-two percent of interviewees provided examples of the educational issues comprising of requests for school credits, graduation options, school changes, and continuing education as, they worked with the c

Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

4 - Assignment Example eader it is appropriate to take a more specific approach by evaluating one particular leader such as Sir Richard Branson during his tenure as the CEO of the Virgin Group. This evaluation seeks to determine Branson’s contributions to the Virgin Group as its leader. Implementation of effective leadership requires upholding high standards that should be reflected form the leader trickling down to the entire organization. This is in order to establish the organization’s culture that acts as the guidance and driving force (Schein, 2010, p.232). Branson is driven by innovation and creativity values that can be seen from his works. Considering his educational background when he started the company, the success that ensued is a reflection of high levels of innovation and creativity. As such, the group has absorbed these values and can arguably be considered to be among the greatest cultures of the Virgin Groups and a contributor to its success. For example, during Branson’s tenure as CEO the group portrayed great zeal for innovations through creativity such as the project to establish a space travel company to take people to space. This implies that leaders should portray desirable traits since they act as the foundations of the organiz ation’s culture. Additionally, leaders should strive to create a suitable working environment favorable for the entire workforce. This is because suitable working environments guarantee employees’ happiness which is crucial for maximum productivity (Koohang, 2008, p.166). A suitable environment is created through ensuring effective communication and relationships between the leaders and the employees. This allows both all workers including leaders to interact effectively allowing idea exchange. Branson is known as a people’s person who relates with most people and this has also been reflected in his relations with his employees. Considering his position as the founder of the organization, his interactions with employees act as

Unit 5 group project Tolap Corporation Research Paper

Unit 5 group project Tolap Corporation - Research Paper Example Unit 5 group project Tolap Corporation This section shall be a summary of all that is contained in the plan such that top executive members, who may not have time to read the entire report, should get a fair idea of what is contained in the report and base on the executive summary to take preliminary decisions (Chen and So, 2002). Description of Business The name of the business as well as the form of ownership shall be identified under this section. The section shall also contain owners and any possible history of business. Description of Product/Service Name of products offered should be listed in clear terms as well as services that customers are to receive. Marketing Plan This is where the suggested market segment must be made known and how to development competitive advantage over this segment. Industry Each business is under a broad industry and this must be clearly stated. Toplapp is, for instance, in manufacturing industry. Customers The customers are the end users of the products and services earlier spoken about. This section should include characteristics of customers as well as why they have been targeted. Competition The company will not be the first in the named industry and so existing competitors must be mentioned with reasons that make them threatening. Advertising and Promotion The means through which the company is going to make its self-visible to the identified customers and all forms of potential customers must be spelt. The initial strategies for making the company known will fall under advertisement whiles ways of maintaining the gained image of the company will come under promotion (Breiman et al., 2009). Location Location will refer to places where the presence of the company will be seen and felt. In times past, the talk of location was all about where offices and branches will be seen through the construction of structures, but today the advent of the internet have made it quite easier to have a larger location through electronic commerce and so ways by which the company seeks to take advantage of electronic commerce will come under this section. Suppliers The company may have the option of using either internal or external suppliers. Whatever the case is however, it is necessary that these suppliers and why they are the best must be made known through the business plan. This section of the plan will therefore cater for this task whereby names of suppliers are going to be known as well as materials that they are going to supply. Management Management as used in context does not just refer to a list of the names of managers of the company but also skills and abilities possessed by the managers in carrying out their roles and the specific roles that they are going to be expected to undertake in order to bring about the achievement of goals. Financial Plan Quantum of capital injection as well as a budget of how the capital is going to be raised and used must be made clear under this section. Mission Statement The company has a mission of becoming a global leader in the manufacturing of high quality home and garden appliances that meet the requirements and specifications of customers. The company also seeks to put its self ahead of time when it comes to innovative manufacturing, which involves the manufacturing of machineries for today’s use that actually solves tomorrow’s problems. By this, the manufacturing services and products of manufacturing shall become highly relevant to the customer because apart from the fact that

The Effect of the Internet on Global Marketing Strategies Assignment

The Effect of the Internet on Global Marketing Strategies - Assignment Example Internet services are important because they help global marketing possible because international businesses now attempt to use possible worldwide marketing instead of nationalized marketing(Shaw, 2012). In this case, the internet has two main purposes, demanding and enabling.   Enabling allows consumers to get in contact with a wide range of products (Shaw, 2012).   Clients who use or visit the websites share common lifestyles of communication because they have been directed to communicate with other customers through the internet (Shaw, 2012).   Furthermore, customers use different languages. This motivates the use of the English language, which is a common language of interaction (Shaw, 2012). In the demanding marketing strategies, the websites or the internet command that merchant’s use internationally recognized product names.   Using internet companies are in a position to identify leading states. This is usually achieved using global state competitions among man ufacturing companies.   Here, the internet provides information about the leading states or countries.   Through the internet, consumers can recognize the current trends and fashions that emerge because of technological developments (Ancarani, 2002).  Initially, the internet was introduced as a channel of education people through research and education (Ancarani, 2002).   However, it has developed to educate consumers on the type of current products in the market (Ancarani, 2002).   This is because it is still a source of information to consumers.   Consumers are currently seeking information about products from the internet.   This is advantageous because they have chances of choosing different products from different companies.   This changes the techniques of marketing used by different manufacturing companies (Ancarani, 2002).

Rudolf Dreikurss Reasons for Student Misbehavior Require Essay Example for Free

Rudolf Dreikurss Reasons for Student Misbehavior Require Essay Many educators believe that students misbehave to achieve self-serving goals. These usually include: getting attention, seeking power, taking revenge and avoiding failure. When we look carefully at the misbehavior we can usually find that the reason lies in one of these four goals. Dr. Rudolf Dreikurs, renowned educator, developed these four behavioral goals in the 1930s. He was a student and colleague of Alfred Adler, who believed that all behavior has a purpose. Dreikurs has written many articles and books on student behavior and much of his work can be purchased on the internet. His theories on behavior have had an enormous impact on the raising of children and classroom management models. A summary of Dreikurs four behavioral goals follow: * Attention Some students strive to be the center of attention. They do almost anything to be noticed from being argumentative to being funny. There is a lack of concern about following accepted procedure to gain recognition. Teachers and classmates find behavior by this student annoying and at times rude and unacceptable. The attention seekers may be disciplined for: disrespect, teasing, disturbing the class, being uncooperative, swearing, talking, being out of his seat, and making fun of others. Dreikurs said most students start misbehaving by seeking attention, and when this fails, they move on to more problematic goal-seeking behaviors, such as power. This is why it is important to find a thoughtful intervention in the first phase of misbehavior: attention seeking. Dreikurs believed that over 90% of all misbehavior is for attention. At the Interventions Central website, you can read some thoughts about how to break out of the attention cycle by using random positive attention with students. * Power Wanting to be in charge or in control provides the motivation for some student misbehavior. Students with this agenda simply want their way. They dont hesitate to take a stand on matters important to them and are often disruptive and confrontational in reaching their goal. The teacher may feel provoked, threatened or challenged by this student. The following reasons may be the basis for a referral to the office for a student who struggles for power: disobeying, disrespect, not cooperating, talking back and disturbing the class. Often power-seeking students dont act out until theyre assured of an audience. And from the teachers perspective, this is probably the worst possible time. * Revenge Lashing out or getting even is how some students compensate for real or imagined hurt feelings. The target of the revenge may be the teacher, other students, or both. Revenge may come in the form of a physical and/or psychological attack. Bullies often use revenge as their excuse for shoving or pushing, teasing, causing embarrassment and excluding others. The Teaching Help website has an interesting discussion of how revenge, defined in terms of escalating student misbehaviors must be dealt with by a systematic approach. * Avoidance of Failure Wanting to avoid repeated failure, some students appear to be discouraged and helpless. They falsely believe that they cant live up to expectations, either their own or those of others. To compensate for this belief, they dont attempt anything that might result in failure. They hope that others will forget about them and not hold them responsible for anything. These students may be disciplined for: not paying attention, not being prepared, being dishonest and wasting time. This phenomenon, decribed as learned helplessness by psychologists, is characteristic of students who fail needlessly because they do not invest their best efforts. Responding to Misbehavior No matter what the reason is for a students misbehavior, we are forced to respond. Some responses produce better results than others. Below is a list of both positive and negative responses by educators. Responses that usually get negative results include: 1. Reacting emotionally by being angry or making hollow threats 2. Handing out a punishment that is out of proportion to the offense 3. Reacting to misbehavior publicly 4. Reacting to a small incidence that often resolves itself 5. Making an accusation without the facts to back it up Responses that tend to get positive results include: 1. Describing the unacceptable behavior to the student 2. Pointing out how his behavior negatively impacts him and others 3. Talking with the students about what could have been a better behavior choice and why 4. Asking the student to write a goal that will help him improve his actions 5. Showing confidence in the student that his behavior goals are achievable 6. Positively reinforcing behavior that relates to student goals Dreikurs believes the best way to correct misbehavior is with logical consequences. For example, if a student doesnt finish his homework, he stays after school to complete it. This helps the student make an association between the misbehavior and the consequences.

The Tell Tale Heart E. A. Poe Essay Example for Free

The Tell Tale Heart E. A. Poe Essay The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edgar Allan Poes famed tales of macabre terror. Many of his short stories include delusional characters, insanity and many abominable deaths. The Tell Tale Heart is no different. In a first person narrative we follow a man mans mind with suspense and horror. Im not mad fights back the narrator but the obsession with an old mans eye takes control, ending with a gruesome death. Maybe this is similar to Poes lifestyle, in which he became an alcoholic, drug addict and picked up maniacal tendencies. The narrator defends himself to put his own mind at res, over his own accusations that hes mad. His mind is taken over from an eye, which assembled that of a vulture. When hes relaxed he enjoys telling us the story, but the next line could be back to his nervous, conscious, sadistic-self. Is he mad? Does he kill? Will he get caught? These are all questions we can ask as each line contradicts the next. Poe is keeping us in suspense. Its the feeling of anxiety. Where, what or when will something happen next? Suspense is kept through out the story, and starts at the first line True! Nervous VERY, very, dreadfully nervous. Why is the narrator nervous? The reader is going too want to read on to find the answer. Dashes, commas and a use of a rhetorical question implies the narrator is addressing the reader in a dramatic manner. The commas and dashes also slow down the pace of the first line. This will lengthen the first line, keeping the reader in suspense. The rhetorical question Why will you say that I am mad? addresses the reader. Although rhetorical the read wants to answer, but doesnt know the answer. This is another way in which Poe makes the reader wanting to read on. Poe changes the pace of the story. Sometimes, very slowly and other times very fast. This is all to create suspense. As you can see suspense plays an important part in the story. I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single ray fell upon the eye. This is an example of where the pace is slow. Deliberate pauses emphasise his confidence and cunningness. The line also portrays the time-taking actions of the narrator, displaying his credence. He uses repetitive word choice (cautiously) not just to slow the line down but also to show hes a perfectionist. Dashes and commas are also used to keep the sentence at an unhurried pace. Another example of where the speed is slow is: For a whole hour I did not move a muscle and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in bed listening, just as I had done, night after night, hearkening to the death watches in the wall. The narrator is waiting for the right opportunity, once again stressing his cautiousness. The narrator did not move a muscle in an hour, obvisously portraying the image of the slow moving pace. The line also tells us it was a planned murder. Another example of him showing us his cunning is: When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider. Time also goes fast within the story. For example: In an instant I dragged him to the floor I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done. This is the description of the death of the old man. These are the only details the narrator tells us, implying hes a perfectionist. We retrieve this view of the narrator because of the swift speed of which he kills the old man. The narrator is also a sadistic person, due to the way he smiled gaily after the quick death. Other examples of a quick pace are towards/ at the end. Villans! I shrieked, dissemble no more! I admit the deed! tear up the planks! here, here! it is the beating of his hideous heart.' From the final line of the story we have the impression hes mad because of the way he admits the deeds. Short sentences, which are straight to the point, increase the pace of the text. Also, due to the fast pace, it implies he has lost the control, the perfection and intelligence he once had. Poe uses and mentions time a lot in the story. He changes the pace to achieve the different effects. From the waiting of the old man to sleep to the breakdown of the narrator. The difference paces are varied. This is because if the pace were slow throughout, the story would become tiresome to the reader. If the pace was of a fast speed the reader would not be able to grasp the entire story, miss parts out and even forget segments. Poe repeats words a great deal in the story. Creating the effect that the narrator is panicking or even to emphasise something. In the following line he uses the repetition to emphasise his confidence and cunning. I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single ray fell upon the vulture eye. The narrator is also under the impression that he has planned, and now performing the perfect crime. It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant. The speed of the old mans heartbeat creates a traumatic experience for the narrator affecting his mind, upsetting to him but the narrator shows us his guilt. Where Poe repeats words, the pace tends to be quicker creating a dramatic scene. As mentioned earlier the narrator seems to be a sadistic character, other evidence of this: he had found all in vain. All in vain; because Death, in approaching him The repetivtive phrase, all in vain, tells us of the narrators joy at the old mans terrified state. He also used a capital D in death. This implies he is using the word death as a name, suggesting he is death. The repetition of words and in-depth descriptions show us how precise the narrator is. The commas and dashes indicate an intensity of emotions. Poe uses noises to create atmosphere in the story. Such noises are the sound of the old mans heart beating louder and louder. The phrase is repeated through our, suggesting that the narrator is becoming guiltier and guiltier. It also implies that the narrator weakness has got the better of him because he then confesses his guilt in committing the brutal murder. Poe uses other phrases to convey the guiltiness of the narrator such as: It was a low, dull, quick sound such as a sound as a watch makes enveloped in cotton. This is repeated simile further accentuating the narrators guilt conscious. Poe sometimes uses sounds to create the effect of a horror scene: for the hinges creaked Before this the narrator was describing his consciousness, implying the surroundings were silent. Then they hear the hinges creaking reminding the reader of the hellish, horror-type story. Of course, this would make the reader curious of whos behind the door. Poe uses evil words in the story such as hell, murdered etc. This is to add and emphasise the fear and terror of the story. It also emphasises the old mans feelings. I heard many things in hell. This shows us the madness of the narrator and confines his sadistic character. Apart from evil word choices he uses evil phrases. After the narrator viscously murdered the old man I then smiled gaily. At some points of The Tell Tale Heart you are under the impression that the narrator has done it before. This is because he seems so calm and relaxed describing how he killed him. After the death he deposited the body. Deposited in this sense would imply a heartless or ruthless person. This is how he makes the death disgusting. Not just by describing the horrific violence I cut off the head, the arms and then the legs. but by the emotionless way the narrator tell us, as if this was his job or a day-to-day activity. Throughout the story, he defends himself of madness. He tries doing this by describing the eye (the reason for the death) revoltingly. One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture. The old man is being described as a greedy, ruthless person. He continues to describe the eye as if it made his blood run cold. This makes the eye sound evil and he tries to construct a valid reason for killing him. Poe has written the story in a first person narrative, making us apart of the story. but why will you say that I am mad? The use of the rhetorical question suggests the narrator is addressing the reader in a dramatic method. He brings us into a conversation and grabs our attention straight away making us want to read on. By addressing the reader it also makes the story more realistic. This question is repeated throughout trying to persuade us to thinking hes not. He makes us form opinions and answers. Another example of where Poe drags us into the story is: And now have I told you what you Other reasons for addressing the reader is a plea for us to listen and pay attention. Poe has the murderer tell us the story. this is mainly for realism, suspense and to hear the unusual, murderers point of view. The story would also create more dramatic impact on the reader. The reader may also feel that the narrator is putting a lot of trust into the reader, because the narrator is describing the death in great depth. Due to the first person narrative we would have more information and details, whilst gaining a better knowledge of how his mind works. The Tell Tale Heart grips the readers imagination, by mysterious and unpredictable behaviour. The reader decides to read on as the narrator shows an intensity of emotions and feelings from one paragraph to the next. At the beginning of the story we see an obsessive man over an old mans eye. From the obsession of the eye we get the feeling of a mentally disturbed or mad man. Although he may be disturbed, he is a confident, personal person, which suggests a split personality. Towards the end he reveals more information, but were still left with questions to ask. The slip of information indicates the narrator losing his confidence. Other examples include the continuous crescendo beat of the heart. The narrator finally breaks down due to the paranoia as the police come to the slaughterhouse. Suspense is produced by the array of emotions, and irrational behaviour as the unpredictable story continues. The Tell Tale Heart shows an excessive man where a vulture eye haunts him. The mysterious obsession with an old mans eye leads to a gruesome death. Then we see the narrators sadistic behaviour. The story ends with the narrator breaking down. The narrators unpredictable feelings maintain the readers interest and suspense. The Tell Tale Heart compels the reader to read on to find out whats happening next. The narrator experiences feelings of confidence and joy (possibly because hes sadistic) on certain occasions but he can soon transform into an adjitated and anxious man. The narrator speaks with a relaxed, confident tone, which can some times turn into arrogance. As the story moves on, we witness the loss of control; he then displays irrational and sinister behaviour.

Ford Global Strategy

Ford Global Strategy Global business environment is now transforming in more competitive and intense, for companies to operate globally it is more difficult and strategically challenging to retain their competitive advantage and gain profits. When organizations are expanding and working in global environment they need to have a global business strategy that in order to not only be successful in their home country but also to remain competitive internationally, as there different strategic choice are present to be used by top management, still the challenge is to select such strategy that is not in line short term business objectives but also can be carried out to achieve long term business objectives. Successful companies while enjoying their success face strategic paradox in and fail to understand the global environment and foresee upcoming challenges caused by being global, this strategic paradox not only affects their global profitability but also challenge them locally (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1989). To understand the global business strategies, strategic paradox and analyze that what challenges an organization has to face while operating in current diverse business environment and what are the problems that need to be taken care of while implementing global business strategy we have choose a leading automotive company based in USA, named Ford Motor Company. In below mentioned lines I shall be analyzing few incidents in the life of the organization that will help us to understand strategic paradox; I shall review the literature available on some global business strategies to sustain competitive advantage in longer run, I shall also try to suggest key business decisions that will be helpful for the organization in longer run, and at the end we shall see that what are challenges that are likely to be faced while implementing this global business strategy. About Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company is USA based market leader in automotive industry with its operations in more than 6 continents, and they operate near 70 plants worldwide, with about 159,000 employees worldwide it has been leading the automotive industry in USA, and Europe. With their successful mergers with Volvo, Aston Martin and Jaguar they have been able to perform well in UK as well, their vision names one plan one goal shows their global thinking with the integration on suppliers, distributors and global works force they plan to become a true worldwide market leader in consumer vehicles. Their strategy of becoming on stop shop for all vehicle related things thats include purchasing, financing and maintaining shows their progressive thinking. After their success in USA and Europe market, they plan to conquer Asia Pacific and Middle East which is also an emerging market (www.ford.com, 2010). Strategic Paradox at Ford Ford, with its mission of becoming leading consumer good provider in automotive industry, had been a success story for decades, they had been leading USA, and Europe with their high quality, standard products and financial services. During the period of global economic crisis automotive industry also facing challenges in operating their business because of increased material costs, expensive labors and decreased demands. Due to all these circumstances Ford had to cut jobs in their North American operation and close down some plants and layoff around 30,000 employees, because their North American operation were suffering loses (Bordenave and Lung, 2000). Same was the case of their main competitor GM, they also had to cut jobs in order to remain profitable in highly competitive market, reasons for Ford to suffer losses in American market were not understanding their customers need that were changing and underestimating their non-American competitors like Toyota and Honda. Oil prices were increasing globally and heavy expensive cars were no more affordable of consumer markets, that is what Ford was unable to understand at that time, this was the time when Toyota and Honda entered into USA market and introduced low cost hybrid cars and started getting market share, Ford at that time were not into hybrid cars market and that is why started losing market share and revenue stated dropping causing them heavy losses in North American market. Before the time Toyota and Honda introduced hybrid cars models Ford was trapped in strategic paradox and was unable to predict future. At that time their business strategy was diversification with different operations for different markets with different standards and specifications, for example one Ford model called explorer was different for USA and Europe market (Bartlett, and Ghoshal1989). This strategy of having separated operation for different market caused them heavy costs in inter of high parts cost, separate RD for different markets and models, inefficient production cycle and no knowledge sharing among strategic business units resulting in silos instead of synergies, the above mention strategy was causing high costs and in the times of low demand and high competition this caused them revenue loses. To avoid this scenario and to stay competitive and profitable in business Ford launched their globalization 2000 plan that served as a way forward and made them again profitable and help them sustain their position as market leader. According to plan they shut down their some of the plants and came to the strategy of standardization, and that strategy help them reduce cost in terms of RD, as Research and Development was done at one place and at one product and applied everywhere, made their production efficient as after avulsion of Volvo, Aston Martin and Jaguar they were able to share knowledge and made their production more profitable and cost efficient by adopting each others best practices. They saved cost in parts as global purchase system helps them have more bargaining power on suppliers. Having this globalization plan applied, Ford was able to achieve low cost strategy and that increased their profitability (Buckley and Casson, 1976). Literature Review on Global Business Strategies By the growth of business when companies starts their operations in other countries they are called global or international companies, at that time of growth their business strategies that being used in their home countries are no more effective, since global business dynamics are different from local business environment and local business objectives are different from global business objectives, there is a need to have a global business strategy that is not able to achieve global business objectives but also able to make the organization perform in home country, at the same time that strategy should be able to meet short term and long term goals of the organization, while looking at goals shorts term goals can be managing cash flows, revenue targets, market share and cost management and long term goals can be having sustainable competitive advantage and brand building leading to continued profits and growth (Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2007). While looking at the literature available regarding global business management and having sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, there are strategies which are presented and commented, but the there are two most important and main strategies that are suggested by key practitioners and commentators, these two generic are called standardization and adaptation, these are the main strategies one business follow and other strategies like cost leadership and diversification are derived from them. Each of these strategies has their own advantages and disadvantages, some commentators are in favor of standardization and some commentators are in favor of adaptation. In below lines let us explore each of these strategies in detail and try to find out which strategy Ford is currently follow and what strategic change is required in order to thrive in global business environment (Buckley and Casson, 1976). Standardization has been in use from the early production era, basic philosophy of this strategy is to make a standardized product or service for every target market, the entire marketing plan remain one and unchanged for different market segments, this strategy has a building block which is the idea that all human beings have the same need and this need can be satisfied with the a standard product no matter what the geographical area is and other forces that are involved in decision making can be ignored. Standardization has be practiced by production oriented companies specially the FMCG sector and automotive industry, this strategy has its own benefits that makes strategists to advocate it, for example when company opt for standardization it produces the same product for every market, that gives the company with the advantage of economies of scale, companies following cost leadership strategies normally goes for standardization strategy and compete in market on the basis of price. One other benefit that company gets is regarding raw material, when company produces one product then they need one kind of raw material by doing this they comes in the position of having bargaining power advantage over their suppliers because they will be purchasing in bulk quantity and this way they also get preference over other suppliers, another benefit is related to channel of distribution, standardized products are easy and cost effective to distribute and manage (Hrebiniak, 2006). Standardized prod ucts and marketing plan also provides companies with global brand image and helps company to establish their brand as big giant. Some commentators advocate that standardization fails to understand the local variation of needs. In contrast to standardization there is a strategy called adaptation, this strategy follows the base line that needs differ from region to region and market to market, and there are some other variables that influence the decision making of any product or service that can range from economic forces to cultural variable and that is why every product cannot be sold to everyone or everywhere without making some small but valuable changes in them and entire marketing plan should be customized according to the factors available in the target market (Hrebiniak, 2006). Adaptation requires some customization of marketing plan according to the region or market that is targeted, according to some commentators adaptation increases the cost of operating in business as production processes are channel of distribution needs to be modified accordingly but on the other hand it is also an argument that since adaptation enhances the overall customer experience with brand and their acceptability of product it eventually results in increased profit. Modern day businesses are not transferring toward adaptation with some mix of standardization; this strategy increases the adaptation process by the consumers and increases the revenues in result, companies following adaptation also follow diversification and then compete local players in market. What is to follow entirely depends upon the business, industry and target market, in some industries standardization is more suitable where mass production is required, needs of customers do not vary significantly and same product is required worldwide, in some industries adaptation is best to follow where customers need are variable is geography and diversification is required to have competitive advantage. Currently we can say that no company is depending entirely on one strategy, there is a mix of standardization and adaptation which followed by most of global companies, whether it is FMCG or Telecom or Automotive sector, big organizations are mixing standardization with adaptation, where main product remains same and some small modifications are done in marketing plan to make it successful and acceptable in market (Hrebiniak, 2006). While looking at Ford, it is very interesting to find that ford has changed their strategy from adaptation to standardization; reason of such strategic shift was to reduce the high cost which were incurred due to adaptation and was negatively affecting profitability of Ford. By launching their Globalization 2000 plan they shut down their few plants, and merge their some departments and made standardized processed and products for all markets, following this strategy they created synergies in different strategic business units and made them do work towards one goal and on one marketing plan for whole global market, this strategy reduced their operational costs and enhanced their profitability, and was a success move for them. Key Decisions for Ford Ford has emerged as market leader in automotive industry globally, they has been able to sustain their position for a longer period of time, in 1994 they changed their strategic focus, from standardization to adaptation, and up till now this strategy has been paying them, to stay competitive in coming years and not to get trapped in strategic paradox, they are required to make some critical business decisions, below are the areas where Ford would be required to focus and make decision in order to improve its business locally and globally. Invest in Brand Since automotive industry is related to the products in which buying behavior of consumer involves sensitivity with product performance and safety, this decision making is also complex because it involves a heavy amount of money from ones pocket. That is why is industry is dependent upon good word of mount and favorable brand image can positively affect companies revenues, such complex decisions are always associated with opinion leaders and positive brand image helps getting positive word of mouth, in this regard Ford need to invest heavily in their brand especially there they are newly entered, and planning to enter (Freyssenet, Shimizu Volpato ,2002). Efficient Distribution Channel While operating globally and having standardization strategy in mind Ford need to have an efficient distribution channel in place, auto market is also dependent on a good channel of distribution, as customers rely heavily on the opinions of dealers, their product information and persuasion abilities play a vital role in decision making of consumers. The more efficient the dealer is and has reliable know about product the more likely is consumer to trust them and depend upon their opinion. Efficient channel of distribution also helps save costs and Ford should improve their geographical management of channel in way that costs are reduced (Bordenave and Lung,2000). Cash Flow Management Automotive industry is characterized with heavy cost and capital investments, for this reason organizations need to have a good cash flow management to supports their operational expenses, to improve their cash flow Ford can get help from their finance SBU as the provide financing to consumers for their automobile purchase. But the key area to look into is an overall cash flow management system to help them operate successfully, and in scenario of global standardization strategy this is even more critical. Compliance with Standards As companies go global standards of production varies from country to country and region to region, and having a standardization strategy may be a challenge to continue as there may be difference in local and international rules and regulations, however this challenge can be faced by making small modifications in production standards but this be again a challenge to keep these modification under controlled and bearable costs, this may also require to have a strategic shift and if not this factor stand alone but mixed with others can be significant to require a strategic move (Bordenave and Lung,2000). Changing Needs In todays business scenario, consumers needs are changing more rapidly than ever, automotive industry where consumers need where pretty much stagnant as compared to other industries this sector is also starting facing this challenge of rapidly changing needs, now every market has their own set of need that will eventually lead the industry to customization according to geographical region, and this can affect their strategic decisions of remaining on standardization, there may be a strategic shift required to cater to this changing paradigm of market dynamics. Ford may have to have their customize options open in order to keep the customers and stay competitive in market, their standardization is right now is serving as competitive advantage but maybe there will be a strategic shift required to sustain their competitive advantage (Freyssenet, Shimizu Volpato, 2002). Organizational Size Management Fords organizational size may be key factor for them, they have already shut their plants and laid off their thousands of employees, this was an obvious result of strategy they were about to follow, as they were about to create synergies and sharing of resources of among different strategic business units, to keep up with the same strategy they may have to create more synergies and change their organizational size, since they need to reduce their cost further, there may be decisions required to reduce their organizational size, may be from Europe, and USA. Mergers Ford has been doing some successful mergers and these mergers has been improving their profitability and enhancing their corporate image as market leader in the industry, Ford may be required to have more merger in order to go in untapped markets, they may be required to have merges with local players in order to penetrate in market more rapidly and get more swift acceptance, while moving in emerging economies like India Ford can have some alliances with local industry that can win them more market share then their competitors, this can serve as good idea as this will also save some cost to the market leader (The Economist, 2005). New Markets Ford has been market leader in USA and Europe, but now to be a true global market leader in automotive industry Ford should go for un served markets , these un served market can provide them with first movers advantage, easy penetration and more profitability; India and some other countries of Asia Pacific and Middle East can be good markets for their new ventures, some countries in Asia Pacific are now considered as emerging economies and there are great potential for Fords products, company should consider having new ventures and grab the market before their competitors do. Strategic Way Forward This is may be one the most important decisions that Ford may have to make, as described above there are certain factors that are interrelated and changing with the market dynamics, Ford at this point in time will have to make certain strategic decisions regarding their future business strategy and way forward, they will have to make strategic choice that what global business strategy they are going to follow in the future, standardized adaptation could be their choice but this decision is critical and will decide their future as market leader (The Economist, 2005). Strategic Implementation Challenges Whenever a company decides upon its global business strategy, there comes another challenge of successfully implementing this strategy, same will be the case with Ford, below are challenges that are, in my point of view, can be challenging for Ford in the process implementation. Formulation of Strategy First challenge will be making of viable, clear and successful business strategy, this first has the utmost importance and this is going to be the most important decision. Creating Synergies Since ford is adopting the standardization strategy, there will be a requirement of creating synergies among departments to share resources and knowledge, however most of the time creating synergies become a challenge for the management, people with different knowledge and cultural back ground, different implementation of systems and processes and ability to mold systems and streamline operation create hindrances in creation of synergies, and same will be a challenge for Ford in the short run, and making synergies work in longer run. To have this concept implemented top management will have to present on ground and pay special attention on this because this is the first step in strategy implementation and will provide ground for other steps (Hrebiniak, 2006). Commitment of Managers The middle and lower level manger play a vital role in success and failure of any strategy, because they are the one are going to actually execute the process of implementation, their commitment level and understanding of strategy is very important, as mentioned above if we take synergy creation as example, the role of middle management is very vital in this regard, if they do not understand the concept and rationale of synergies, does not possess the knowledge and skills to actually create synergies they total strategic plan is going to result in a failure, same is the case with other aspect of strategic plan, for better implementation of strategy it is vital to have the required human resources that have the capabilities of having this done (Hrebiniak, 2006). Communication of Plans This is a important and usually ignored aspect in organizations that strategy and plans are not properly communicated throughout the organization and that is why the whole organization cannot come on one frequency and strategy fails, Ford has to make sure that all are aboard and on the same frequency before making the execution part happen, they will have to make sure that line managers and even support staff understand what is organizational direction and how they are going to achieve that direction, failure to do so will result in failure of strategy as happened with many organizations (Allio, 2005). Consensus Is another challenge that many organizations has to face and same would be the case with Ford, there is a strategic shift at hand and many stake holders may be not agreed to it, and once they are not agreed to do what is required there will be a failure in the implementation process, getting everyone ready and agreed on one strategy will be a challenge that is likely to be faced by Ford top management, however this challenge can be overcome by better communication of strategy and having everyones concerns listened and addressed (Allio, 2005). Top Management Commitment Consistency Having and strategy formulated and executed is one thing and being committed to one strategy is another thing and at the same time vital thing, while implementing a strategy top managements commitment is not only necessary to be there but also it needs to be visible in order to make middle management believe in what they are doing and having faith in their strategic direction. Such strategies, about which managements commitment is not visible are not properly executed and does not result in success (Allio, 2005). Organizational Structure Having a strategy implemented requires a structure that support the strategy, if Ford is going to have standardization in place then they requires such organizational structure that supports this kind of plans, in order to remain in modern business Ford will be required to have more flatter organizational structure that empowers people with their own decision making (Okumus, 2001). Conclusion Global businesses require global strategies and there are few options available to global businesses to follow, so there this strategic choice should be made with care and keeping all factors in mind, Ford has been successfully using standardization strategy for last one decade, but to be successful in coming years they need to make some crucial decisions and then the challenge will be to implement these challenges, top managements vision and commitment will play a vital roles this and at the same time middle managements commitment to executions will also be of much importance.

The Way of Life Frank Represents Compared to Ritas :: Educating Rita Relationships Willy Russell Essays

The Way of Life Frank Represents Compared to Rita's Rita is seeking a better way of living her life and Frank represents the life style she wishes to live. She understands she is of a working class background, and wants to be more cultured. Rita wants more meaning to her life. She wants to know the right things to say and what wine to buy, the type of attributes she admires in Frank, and people similar to him. She does not want to be just a housewife and mother, the two exact things Denny her husband wants her to be in order that she fits in with the rest of their society. He tries to control her and prevent her from learning, he burns her books and constantly nags at her to come off the pill so that she can have a child and settle down, just like everyone else they know. Denny's ideas are evident when he says; 'There's a time for education. An' it's not when y' twenty-six an' married.' Basically she has to make a choice between her education or her family, because as she changes to become a more sophisticated and educated woman, she widens the gap between her and the people in her old life, them being ignorant and uncultured. First of all, it is noticeable that because of Rita's working class background, one particular quality of hers is her lack of self-consciousness, which prevents her from being prudish. This is revealed in Act 1 Scene 1 when Rita comments on Frank's picture on the wall; "Look at those tits," she says bluntly, within minutes of meeting her new tutor. Frank, having had a middle class upbringing is embarrassed by her frank observation. He has the good judgment to realise that on first being acquainted with someone this kind of comment is not really appropriate, whereas Rita is almost like a child, not having the expected amount of subtlety and the sense to be discreet. These qualities are what hinders Rita from becoming more like Frank. However, it is this type of behaviour which draws Frank to Rita, he finds her new, unique, and original because she does not follow the unspoken rule of how to behave on meeting a stranger. In Act 1 Scene 1 he describes her as; "The first breath of air that's been in this room for years." He views his life as dull and stale, Rita stepping in begins to make his life seem more interesting, she livens it up. On becoming more educated, Rita also has to leave behind a positive aspect of her old life, a close-knit community with close links.

Genetic Screening Essay -- Genetic Engineering Essays

Genetics has provided knowledge that is changing humanity's view of itself and its relation to the rest of the universe. This has brought changes of our current philosophies and religions. For instance, the catholic church has accepted the evolution theory (1). Genetic, cytogenetic and molecular studies show that we are related to every living thing on the planet, including plants, fungi and bacterium (6) An important area in which current genetic knowledge is causing revolution is anthropological science (14). DNA of the human specie carries more or less the same set of DNA, but small variations in the DNA contributes to human variations. So, genomic variations of the human specie are being studied, through analysis of DNA from populations, families, and individuals worldwide. Ancient DNA is used for to do studies of evolution. Many genetic diseases may be detected early Medicine is a very important area in which genetics is a powerful tool. Indeed, a large proportion of human health has a genetic basis. Inherited genetic diseases are caused by abnormal forms of a single or a group of genes that are passed on from one generation to the next. Some single genes responsible for inherited genetic diseases, such as the ones responsible for familial Alzheimer's disease, familial breast cancer and cystic fibrosis (6) are being isolated and characterized at molecular level. More complex human hereditary disorders, those which are caused by the interaction of several genes, also interacting with the environment, such as heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, various forms of cancer and infections, are also being investigated using a molecular approach (13). HGP and HGDP a great international effort Many countries are... ...Human Evolution. Science, 272: 1363 The Genetic Confidentiality and Nondiscrimination Act of 1996 (Summary). Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ncgr.org/gpi/GCNA/sum.html Tranoy, K. E. Ethical Principles in Public Health Care in Scandanavia: With a remark about relativism and the cultural foundations of health care ethics. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/BFPKT.html UNESCO Revised Outline of a Declaration on the Human Genome and its Protection in Relation to Human Dignity and Human Rights. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/EJ56/EJ56H.html Declan Buter, 1996, French Scientis rally against racist claim. Obtained from Nature in WWW: http://www.nature.com/ ELSI Working Group Responds to The Bell Curve. Obtained from WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/hgn/v7n5/16bellcu.html Genetic Screening Essay -- Genetic Engineering Essays Genetics has provided knowledge that is changing humanity's view of itself and its relation to the rest of the universe. This has brought changes of our current philosophies and religions. For instance, the catholic church has accepted the evolution theory (1). Genetic, cytogenetic and molecular studies show that we are related to every living thing on the planet, including plants, fungi and bacterium (6) An important area in which current genetic knowledge is causing revolution is anthropological science (14). DNA of the human specie carries more or less the same set of DNA, but small variations in the DNA contributes to human variations. So, genomic variations of the human specie are being studied, through analysis of DNA from populations, families, and individuals worldwide. Ancient DNA is used for to do studies of evolution. Many genetic diseases may be detected early Medicine is a very important area in which genetics is a powerful tool. Indeed, a large proportion of human health has a genetic basis. Inherited genetic diseases are caused by abnormal forms of a single or a group of genes that are passed on from one generation to the next. Some single genes responsible for inherited genetic diseases, such as the ones responsible for familial Alzheimer's disease, familial breast cancer and cystic fibrosis (6) are being isolated and characterized at molecular level. More complex human hereditary disorders, those which are caused by the interaction of several genes, also interacting with the environment, such as heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, various forms of cancer and infections, are also being investigated using a molecular approach (13). HGP and HGDP a great international effort Many countries are... ...Human Evolution. Science, 272: 1363 The Genetic Confidentiality and Nondiscrimination Act of 1996 (Summary). Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ncgr.org/gpi/GCNA/sum.html Tranoy, K. E. Ethical Principles in Public Health Care in Scandanavia: With a remark about relativism and the cultural foundations of health care ethics. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/BFPKT.html UNESCO Revised Outline of a Declaration on the Human Genome and its Protection in Relation to Human Dignity and Human Rights. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/EJ56/EJ56H.html Declan Buter, 1996, French Scientis rally against racist claim. Obtained from Nature in WWW: http://www.nature.com/ ELSI Working Group Responds to The Bell Curve. Obtained from WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/hgn/v7n5/16bellcu.html

Is Education Enough for the Real World? Essay -- Womens Education Argu

Is Education Enough for the Real World? Is a college education enough to prepare and teach you about life? A college education is important to prepare you for a career in a specialized field, but it cannot prepare you for the real world. Through my experience as a 23 year-old woman, I can say that I have learned more outside of school to prepare me for my future life. I have had to learn more through outside resources, family, friends, and love-interest relationships to be able to survive as a strong-minded female in today's society. As I read articles on education I was able to find two authors that shared my views about education in today's society: Adrienne Rich and Jon Spayde. In the article "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" by Adrienne Rich, Rich delivers a commencement address to female college graduates about the condition of women's education. As a writer and teacher, Rich states that "there is no women's college today which is providing young women with the education they need for survival as whole persons in a wo rld which denies women wholenesss" (qtd. in Lunsford and Ruszkiewicz 66). According to interviewer and editor Jon Spayde in the article "Learning in the Key of Life," Spayde's essay reflects that education should take place throughout a lifetime and not just through formal schooling. Both Rich and Spayde believe that education should be taken to a farther extent than just what we learn in school. Through history and culture every human being, especially women, can learn a lot about themselves and become strong-minded individuals. Adrienne Rich argues that women have been viewed as existing in the service of men, and it is only through knowledge that we can learn to overcome such a view. Rich believes tha... ...w much I have learned on my own and I am thankful for the resources and the people around me that have helped me become a self-defining human being. My own experiences have taught me to survive in the real world more than my college education. If we are just educated through college, we will not be prepared for problems that the real world confronts us with until we learn from our own experiences. Once we become street-educated we can come to survive real life experiences and learn how to deal with them. The best education can come from what we learn in our own experiences to help teach us valuable lessons about life. Through culture and humanities we can learn about others and ourselves, in order to be able to adapt to our own environment. To become successful in life, we must teach ourselves what we really want to know and obtain the answers we want in our lives.

The deforestation on amazon

Thatiana SalinasDeforestation is a longer-term change of the forest to several other sorts of ecosystems, for illustration agricultural or residential land. Sometimes, on the other manus, the name is used as an indicant to some state of affairss in which woods are concerned, for case by distinct crop, even if another forest accordingly regenerates in its topographic point. A assortment of human activities consequences in net losingss of forest country and accordingly contributes to some of the causes of deforestation. One of the primary grounds for deforestation can be the construct of new agricultural land and an untenable harvest home of trees. Today, Brazil rain woods, and the 1000000s of animals that live within them, are in danger. Earths largest rain wood is found on the Amazon River in South America. It is 5.2 square kilometres in size. Taking up merely 6 to 7 per centum of the planet ‘s land surface. It is home to more than half of the universe ‘s animate being and works species. Scientists believe that several species become nonextant every twenty-four hours. Extinction is taking topographic point because the rain woods are being destroyed. About one and a half square stat mis of Amazon rain forest, is destroyed every hr. Although, one of the most of import planetary environmental issues today is the deforestation in Brazils rain forests ; Trees are being cut down at increasingly higher and higher rates. If this is non stopped many critical side effects could ensue. During the past 40 old ages, about 20 per centum of the Amazon rain forest has been cut down. Since early European colonisation began in the Amazon more than 450 old ages ago, less trees were cut down in that whole clip than the past 40 old ages. Countless others suffer uncertainness and fright, as their lives are being threatened by those who want to gain from the larceny of land and lumber. Deforestation in Amazonia has proceeded with a sequence of assorted forces in different epochs. An epoch known as â€Å"The Amazon Rubber Boom† lasted from 1880 during the creative activity of the pneumatic tyre to the start of the commercial production of gum elastic from plantations in 1914 in Southeast Asia. Much of the agricultural land was discarded to inferior forest when the gum elastic roar collapsed. The expression of altered or ruined countries in Amazonia is straight connected to the patterned advance of human business. Human engagement in the wood is centuries-old ; they would do usage of the trees for wood or the woods non-wood merchandises, or for the public presentation of conventional slash-and-burn agribusiness and barbarous cattle-raising. A good portion of business began in the early 1940s, by the creative activity of the â€Å"Superintendence of the Plan for the Economic Valorization of Amazonia or SPVEA.† The major achievement was the building of the Belem-Brasilia main road in the sixtiess, which in add-on, started the pattern of disforesting near the roads for the constitution of small towns and colonies. Quickly, extra roads were constructed with revenue enhancement clauses, such as the Trans-Amazonia Highway, were formed for small-scale agribusiness and concentrated cattle-raising in those colonies. Finally, by the mid-1970s the decentralized rural-model had failed, a program of large-scale undertakings was implemented as an option with a significant add-on of financess toward largely the extraction of wood, cattle-raising, energy-manufacturing enterprises and the excavation of ore. As a consequence, the most of import development undertakings such as â€Å"Polamazonia† and â€Å"Grande Carajas† reciprocally came to be with the gap of the Belem-Brasilia main road. These undertakings contributed to the deforestation of the Amazon. This signifier of advancement based on large-scale undertakings that are still in action such as the alleged â€Å"axes of regional development† , â€Å"Avanca Brazil† and â€Å"Brazil em Acao† , besides related to the gap and pavement of roadways, by a highly controversial environmental impact vs. benefit rate. The societal factors are infinite and hard to understand. We all have heard plenty information and concerns about salvaging the Brazilian rain forest, but few of us, outside the scientific group of people in fact understand why a group of trees in South America are of import to us. Fewer still recognize the societal, and finally economic, costs that will roll up now and when the rain forest of Amazonia is wiped from the face of the Earth. One of the primary grounds of deforestation in Brazil ‘s Amazon is the harvest home of its timber, but there are several other grounds for the same issue. Commercial lumbermans devastate monolithic countries of the forest to reap the trees they want. Not merely are the trees torn down but their lianas and vines are torn down with them every bit good, that are connected to other trees. As these are lacerate down, these lianas and vine signifier immense canopies above the forest floor come down with them every bit good. As the short pantss of these trees are removed it is believed that they cause extra harm to anything in their way as they are heedlessly pulled throughout the rain forest. The extra weight of the big machinery besides compact ‘s the soft dirt of the Amazon with their big piece of lands, doing it about impossible to reconstruct itself to its natural province. A major menace to Brazil ‘s biodiversity is commercial agribusiness as the agriculture of soya beans and raising cowss are among some of the most terrible instances of deforestation in the Amazon. Indefensible subsistence agriculture is besides believed to endanger the Amazon. At one point in clip, many colonists who migrated to Brazil were encouraged to settle in the part of the Amazon. As they began farming they continued to farm utilizing the procedures they learned from where they were from alternatively of accommodating the manner they would farm. Unfortunately the manner they farmed the land which was suited for other dirts and climes, they were non equal for the Amazon country. Resulting in migrators being forced to relocate go oning to do what is believed as a rhythm of devastation, because the land productiveness in the Amazon normally declines aggressively after approximately three to four old ages. In the wood, excavation is besides a subscriber due to the big equipment that is known to interrupt life in the country, which besides forces the native folks to populate elsewhere and pollutes the air. As an illustration, hydroelectric dikes have been built in Brazil because its authorities had feared of an energy deficit. Due to this fear several big countries of the Amazon were leveled to construct the energy bring forthing dikes. The edifice of these dikes developed concerns of eroding around the country. The adjacent animate beings and folks to the dikes were forced to travel. An eruption of several H2O borne diseases due to the dikes caused taint in the country. During a 3 twelvemonth survey in Sao Paulo, Brazil, referenced as the â€Å"The Greenpeace study – Butchering the Amazon† is a elaborate expression into the states cattle industry, the state ‘s chief supply of CO2 emanations every bit good as the largest individual driving beginning of deforestation on record anywhere in the universe. Deforestation is considered so unsafe due to the C dioxide that is produced by all states and is turned into O in the forest photosynthesis. The survey exposed the Brazilian authorities ‘s engagement in bankrolling deforestation of the Amazon, every bit good as bring outing many of the top name shoe trade names need for leather – such as Adidas, Nike, Reebok, and Timberland, may hold caused cattle ranchers to illicitly and unjustly slaughter animate beings in the Amazon. Besides mentioned in the study â€Å"Slaughtering the Amazon† , the trailing of leather, beef, and other related cowss merchandises that are manufactured by spreads that are besides involved in condemnable and illegal deforestation of the Amazon as they supply these merchandises to processing workss, distributors, and in conclusion the consumer populace. This study besides uncovers the demand to stop deforestation in the Amazon for its cattle population and the critical demand of holding people, industry, and authoritiess jointly cooperate to set up a cosmopolitan solution that protects our tropical woods to assist command the result of alterations to our clime better known as Global Warming. Brazil ‘s rain wood is known to hold the 4th largest emmittence of nursery gasses in the universe which is mostly in portion of deforestation-related emanations. Rain woods are critical to making a balance to the universe ‘s clime due to the fact that they can hive away such a monolithic supply of C. In our Earths forest there is about 150 per centum more C stored than there is in the Earth ‘s ambiance. It is likely that in the Brazil rain forest, it is believed to hive away someplace about 80 to 120 billion dozenss of C. It is besides believed that if the Amazon were to no longer be, due to deforestation, it would let go of someplace in the country of 50 times the one-year nursery gas emanations that is produced in United States. If we want to besides forestall black alteration in clime, we need to continue our universe ‘s rain forests. Deforestation of our tropical rain woods can be responsible for up to 20 per centum of the universe ‘s nursery gas ema nations, bring forthing more than all the autos, trains, planes, trucks, and ships in the combined in the universe today combined. This is precisely why organisations as Greenpeace are buttonholing for a Zero Deforestation in the Amazon. Greenpeace is besides buttonholing for world-wide solutions to forestalling deforestation every bit good as clime alteration. The rain forest is one of the oldest and most diverse ecosystems in the universe. Very few ecosystem biomes that were in being during the clip of the dinosaurs still exist today, but scientists say that the rain forests is one of them. This big country of clip has allowed animate beings and workss to germinate into an astonishing array of vegetations and zoologies of every colour, form, size, texture, and familial sequence. 25 per centum of prescription drugs used in the United States came from workss in the rain forest. Because the huge bulk of the Amazon rain forest has non been catalogued, the exact figure of species in the Amazon rain forest is unknown. The World Bank estimates that. 10 per centum of all the universe ‘s species live in the Brazilian Amazon and most of them are found merely in that country. Despite the attempts of our authoritiess and many environmental groups, such as Greenpeace, the devastation of the Brazils rain wood has continued and has all but slowed it down for old ages. There are many grounds that salvaging the Amazon is immensely of import for many grounds. First, in the United States entirely about 25 per centum of the pharmaceuticals come from the workss in the Amazon. The Amazon rain wood besides plays a major function in the forms of our conditions†¦ .globally. Last but non least, the Amazon rain wood is the place for 1000s of different sorts of workss, mammals, and birds. Destroying the Amazon means destructing the different signifiers of life that inhabit it. The legion menaces to the Amazon are can include commercial logging, urban growing, and international corporations. In the recent old ages, some advancement has been made in the battle to salvage the Amazon rain wood. In April 1998, a new enterprise established a protected country of 25 million hectares ( 62 million estates ) , with programs to increase this protected country in the hereafter. Brazil is a land of extraordinary beauty and uncomparable biological diverseness. Due to this ground, deforestation in the Amazon is peculiarly distressing. As the losingss to our environment and the debasement of the rain forests have avoided acquiring to the point of ruin, the on-going disappearing of wild lands and loss of species is dismaying. Biodiversity is what makes life on Earth habitable for all signifiers of life. By extinguishing hotbeds of biodiversity, such as the Amazon rain forest, we are non merely destructing a portion of the universe but besides a portion of our ego. Biodiversity can reconstruct itself to its natural province after deforestation Michigans, until this happens ; the go oning loss of accomplished species will do the Earth a rather crowded, but lonely topographic point. History has shown that to reconstruct the biodiversity to the point it was prior to extinction happening it has been believed to take every bit much as five million old ages. Our actions today can make up one's mind if Earth will be biologically corrupted for the following 500 trillion or more worlds that will populate on the Earth during that future period of clip. In 2008 Brazil made an proclamation that it was traveling to do an attempt to cut down deforestation in the Amazon by up to 50 per centum in the following 10 old ages, this has led them to be opposed to forest beginnings, doing the statement that it allows states higher in wealth to non pay emanations cuts One of the jobs is how to measure up a wood ‘s present and future stock in C. Whether or non these credits, known as C credits, would be interchangeable with credits from other countries such as a power reproduction works, poses another inquiry. An easier solution would be to hold states receive a payment based on the size of the woods that exist in their ain land. If these states were to go on damaging woods, they would be denied entree to these payments. Another important obstruction would be the inquiry is the distribution of the money received from the credits earned by the forest states. Even though who has the right to the land is frequently disputed, merely because the autochthonal people would frequently hold no legal paperss. One of the concerns are that if local occupants do non profit from this plan, that they will be less willing to take part in the saving their woods. Brazil has already started an option to countervail the harm to its woods: Protection of the Amazon is an international fund. Through 2015 Norway has pledged more than 1 billion dollars to this fund. Norway has agreed to go on to donate more money every twelvemonth, but under the lone status that Brazil can go on to demo deforestation has reduced in from the old twelvemonth. As a consequence destitute households in Brazil can use can have assistance to help them in the Restoration and protection of the woods they own in an sum of upward to 1,500 dollars per twelvemonth. Brazil ‘s Government reported that as of June 2009 it was on gait to hold the lowest rate of deforestation in 20 old ages. The events that are doing deforestation are go oning while you are reading these words and equal the devastation of Earth natural catastrophes, such as, â€Å"global ice ages, planetal hits, atmospheric toxic condition, and fluctuations in solar radiation.† The ground is that these events that result in deforestation are being caused by worlds and our determinations. We are the last line of defence every bit good as the best hope for life as we know it on our planet. The world that Brazil ‘s rain forest is vanishing is incontestible. Whether it is traveling in fast or decelerate velocity does non count at this point. We, as a humanity society need to help and protect the rain forests non merely because of their beauty, but for the ground that how of import it is for our planet this balance with nature. As I mentioned before, the job does non impact merely Brazil, it is a large issue whose effects will impact each populating thing on this Earth. Except if we take action right now, because tomorrow can be excessively late.Plants CitedBeltra, Daniel. Greenpeace. 01 June 2009. 29 November 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/slaughtering-the-amazon & gt ; . Butler, Rhett A. Mongabay – Amazon cowss ranching histories for half of Brazil ‘s CO2 emanations. 12 December 2009. 22 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //news.mongabay.com/2009/1211-brazil_ranching.html & gt ; . Butler, Rhett A. Mongabay. 22 April 2009. 12 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //news.mongabay.com/2009/0422-earth_day_pictures.html & gt ; . Montag, Helen. Coolearth. 01 January 2010 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coolearth.org/337/news-32/rainforest-news-155/logging-activity-impacting-treasure-trove-indonesian-rainforests-1003.html & gt ; . Tulloch, James. Allianz. 31 August 2009. 12 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/climate_change/climate_impacts/deforestation_emissions/article586.html & gt ; . Vieira, ICG. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 30 November 2008. 13 November 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scielo.br/scielo.php? script=sci_arttext & amp ; pid=S1519-69842008000500004 & A ; lng=e & A ; nrm=iso & A ; tlng=e & gt ; . Wallace, Scott. National Geographic. January 2007. 19 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/last-of-amazon.html & gt ; . Butler, Rhett A. â€Å"Diversities of Image – Rainforest Biodiversity.† Mongabay.com / A Topographic point Out of Time: Tropical Rain forests and the Perils They Face. 9 January 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //rainforests.mongabay.com/0305.htm. Dean, Warren. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. California: University of California Press, 1997. O'Connor, Geoffrey. Amazon Jornal. New York: Dutton, 1997. Siy, Alexandra. The Brazilian Rain Forest. New York: Dillon, 1992. Echeverria, Monica. Falling Amazon deforestation rates create chance for other damaged woods. 23 November 2009. 13 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2009/WWFPresitem14352.html & gt ; . Greenpeace. 01 June 2009. 13 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/slaughtering-the-amazon & gt ; . Lindsey, Rebecca. Earth Observatory: How Fire is transforming the Amazon. 8 June 2004. 16 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/AmazonFire/ & gt ; . Carnegie Institution. â€Å"Breakthrough in Monitoring Tropical Deforestation Announced in Copenhagen.† ScienceDaily 11 December 2009. 17 December 2009 & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedaily.comA ­ /releases/2009/12/091210101359.htm & gt ; .

Consumer Psychology

PART B DEFINITION Consumer psychology is a specialty area that studies how our thoughts, beliefs, feelings and perceptions influence how people buy and relate to goods and services. One formal definition of the field describes it as â€Å"the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. STAGES IN CONSUMER DECISION MAKING PROCESS CONSUMER INDIVIDUAL FACTORSConsumer individual factor is divided by five. Age, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle and personality. This five factors is affected to consumer behavior to buy same product or services. †¢Age Age and life-cycle have potential impact on the consumer buying behavior. It is obvious that the consumers change the purchase of goods and services with the passage of time. Family life-cycle consists of different stages such young si ngles, married couples, unmarried couples etc which help marketers to develop appropriate products for each stage. 00PLUS product affects to this categories because when adult, people are active doing some sport and they need 1ooPLUS because 1 0 0 P L U S ’scientifically-testedi sotonic formulation of carbohydrates, electrolytes and water enables faster and more effective hydration, thus enhancing a person’s capability to perform at his or her peak. In fact, in a recent study, 100PLUS was clinically proven to rehydrate and re-energise faster, and provides 43% more endurance, than water alone. Read also Memory – ForgettingThe advertising also can attract consumer to buy this product because they use number 1 badminton player Dato Lee Chong Wei in the advertisement. This can attract people because many people use Dato Lee Chong Wei as their idol. †¢Occupation The occupation of a person has significant impact on his buying behavior. For example a manger in sport center selling 100PLUS product in the business to make more profit. This is because they know that when people sports, they need to cover back their energy and 100PLUS product is suitable in this situation. Economic Situation Consumer economic situation has great influence on his buying behavior. If the income and savings of a customer is high then he will purchase more expensive products. On the other hand, a person with low income and savings will purchase inexpensive products. However, 100PLUS product is suitable to all economic situation status because the price is not expensive. Beside that, they use Dato Lee Chong Wei in advertising make this product is more popular that the other product. †¢LifestyleLifestyle of customers is another import factor affecting the consumer buying behavior. Lifestyle refers to the way a person lives in a society and is expressed by the things in his/her surroundings. It is determined by customer interests, opinions, activities etc and shapes his whole pattern of acting and interacting in the world. When people active in sporting, they need a carbohydrate water to make they still have energy to continue sports. People hwo active in played badminton also attractive to the advertisement because they want to became like Dato Lee Chong Wei. Personality Personality changes from person to person, time to time and place to place. Therefore it can greatly influence the buying behavior of customers. Actually, Personality is not what one wears; rather it is the totality of behavior of a man in different circumstances. It has different characteristics su ch as: dominance, aggressiveness, self-confidence etc which can be useful to determine the consumer behavior for particular product or service. This also can attract people who like to do something challenging because they need energy to become vigorous.MOTIVATION AND GOAL People who drink 100Plus will motivate they self because it will bring back they energy to achieve they goal. BRAND PERSONALITY Brand personality is the way a brand speaks and behaves. It means assigning human personality traits/characteristics to a brand so as to achieve differentiation. These characteristics signify brand behaviour through both individuals representing the brand as well as through advertising, packaging, etc. When brand image or brand identity is expressed in terms of human traits, it is called brand personality.Advantage-already popular in Malaysia, has many flavor, restore energy quickly easily to find. Disadvantage-100plus is only isotonic water. CONSUMER IMAGERY Consumers have a number of en during perceptions, or images, which are particulari relavant to the study of consumer behavior. These include the image they hold of themselves, and their perceived images of products and product categories, of retail stores, and of producers. People will find 100Plus because they know that 100Plus is a isotonic drink and its to restore energy. 100Plus also more cheaper then another isotonic drink.MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY 100 PLUS 100 PLUS Abraham Maslow is well renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in 1943. This theory is a classical depiction of human motivation. This theory is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of five needs within each individual. The urgency of these needs varies. These five needs are as follows- Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life.Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environm ental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongingness, and friendship. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration).Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and self-contentment. It also includes desire for gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing. From this theory that 100plus at the esteem needs level because people need it to restore ene rgy to make they achieve what they target and make people proud to them.