Pricing strategy of metro cash and carry

Pricing strategy of metro cash and carry In the foreign literature, the retailing theme is deeply approached by numerous authors in the work Principles of retailing, the authors J. Fernie, S. Fernie and C. Moore (2003) present the model of the five competitive forces belonging to M. Porter in the retailing field, the retailers strategic alternatives, after the model of M. Porter and respectively I. Ansoff, the SWOT analysis and a series of other theoretical aspects referring to this sector. P. Kopalle (2009) analyze the price strategies of retailers and the competitive effects generated by them, considering that nowadays, firms do a considerable effort to determine and quantify the competitive effects of price changes, the two elements price strategies and their competitive effects are strongly connected, becoming a particular case in retailing. For those products that a supermarket wishes to take a market-oriented approach to in relation to price, the approach is different (Gibson, 1993). This approach is believed to be based upon product that are seen as having the characteristics of including being purchased regularly, are used by a wide range of consumers who have a high degree of prior knowledge regarding them, and are able to have price comparisons made in relation to competitor offerings (Kumar Leone 1988). In an aggressive competitive environment and an increasing need for operational efficiency and client focused, retailers look beyond their organizations borders in order to develop and extend the resources and competencies of the partners from the supplying chain for creating a superior value and competitive advantages on the market (George et al, 2009). M. Santandreu and R. Lucena (2009) approach the issue of the strategies used by supermarkets, as a part of retailing, hypermarket and supermarket concepts, their dynamics and importance in the economy. An extraordinary introduction in retailing is made by the authors R. Cox and P. Brittain (2004), they presenting in detail the term of retail, its functions, and the place occupied in a countrys economy, theories and tendencies present in this field. Porteus (1990) provides an excellent review, focus on operational efficiency to minimize expected cost. Whitin (1955) was the first to formulate a newsvendor model with price effects. In this model, selling price and stocking quantity are set simultaneously. Whitin adapted the newsvendor model to include a probability distribution of demand that depends on the unit selling price, where price is a decision variable rather than an external parameter (Nicholas 1998). Costs are seen as being the starting point in price decision making according to Monroe (1990) and Nagel (1994). From previous research conducted in New Zealand the predominant pricing strategy employed by most organizations was found to be one of cost plus (Gray et al., 1996; and Varssnji, 1986). As discussed by Kahn and McAlister, 1996; and Simon, 1989 the supermarkets most common method of pricing a product is by using a standard mrk-up across each entire product category. The basis or context for setting the category margins being governed by the elements of location, range of product, and service offering, (Glasser 1998) together with customer convenience, and comparative prices with competitors (Arnold et al., 1983). J. Zentes, D. Morschett and H. Schramm-Klein (2007) approach in the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Strategic Retail Management a wide issue: typology of retail organizations, growth strategies, retailers internationalization, supply and logistic platforms management in this field, as well as a series of study cases. One of the most difficult, yet important, issues you must decide as an entrepreneur is how much to charge for your product or service. While there is no one single right way to determine your pricing strategy, fortunately there are some guidelines that will help you with your decision. They are also seen as being able to promote store switching (Kumar Leone, 1988) and to draw customers to the store (Multhern Leone, 1991). While these products are likely to be small in number in relation to supermarkets overall product range their impact is considered to be important to the overall performance of a supermarket due to the image that they create (Kaufmann, smith and Ortmeyer, 1994) and for their ability to increase overall store profits (Walters and McKenzie, 1988). Pricing Strategy Objective Pricing objectives provide direction for action (Oxenfeldt, 1983). To have them is to know what is expected and how the efficiency of the operations is to be measured (Tzokas et al., 2000). Diamantopoulos (1991) suggests that pricing objectives can fall under three main headings relating to their content (i.e. nature), the desired level of attainment and the associated time horizon. Channon (1986), cannon and Morgan (1990) summarizes the fundamental pricing objectives that are; Profit maximization Sales maximization Market Share maximization Price stability in the market Sales stability in the market Discouragement of new competitors entering into the market Maintenance of the existing customers Long term survival Attraction of new customer Creation of prestige image for the company Pricing is a crucial management responsibility that has serious strategic and operational consequences. Among the important items in the marketing mix, price is the only variable that can cause immediate financial impacts. Price can ring the cash register, generate revenue and can influence the profitability of a company. Therefore, it is viewed as the ultimate marketing lever (Shipley Jobber, 2001; Feldman 2002; Wyner 2002; Clemons Weber, 1994; Monroe, 2001). Pricing has tremendous ramifications that permeates into nearly every area of an organization: the marketing process (Wyner, 2002), competitive strategy (Clemons Weber, 1994) and corporate performance (Shipley Jobber, 2001) and yet it is the most disregarded, least understood and ineptly managed variable (Shipley Jobber, 2001, Wyner 2002; Monroe 2001) While revenue management systems help firms maximize revenues, adding optimization tools extend their functionality, and firms are thereby able to find optimal price ranges for a particular sub-segment of business customers (Kimes Wagner, 2001, Kalanidhi, 2001). Pricing Methods Oxenfeldt (1983) defines pricing method as the explicit steps or procedures by which firms arrive at pricing decisions. Cost plus method- a profit margin is added on the services average cost (Ward, 1989; Palmer, 1994; Bateson, 1995). Target return pricing the price is determined at the point that yield the firms target rate of return on investment (Meidan, 1996). Break-even analysis- the price is determined at the point where total revenues are equal to total costs (Lovelock, 1996); Contribution analysis- a deviation from the break-even analysis, where only the direct costs of a product or service are taken into consideration (Bateson, 1995). Marginal Pricing- the price is set below total and variable costs so as to cover only marginal costs (Palmer, 1994). Cost-based pricing methods are the most prevalent in most of the countries (Pricing Society, 2002); (Noble Grucca, 1999) Competition-based methods: pricing similar to competitors or according to the markets average prices (Palmer, 1994); Pricing above competitors (Meidan, 1996); Pricing below competitors (Palmer, 1994); Pricing according to the dominant price in the market- the leaders price that is adopted by the rest of the companies in the market (Kurtz and Clow, 1998). Demand -Based Pricing: Perceived- value pricing- the price is based on the customers perceptions of value (Lovelock, 1996); Value pricing- a fairly low price is set for a high quality service (Cahill, 1994); Pricing according to the customers needs- the price is set so as to satisfy customers need (Bonnici, 1991). Developing and executing a pricing strategy effectively calls for an understanding of the strategic rationale behind prices, having a knowledgeable team of marketing personnel who can reach sound pricing decisions through various model building strategies (Feldman 2002), having suitable technology tools to support pricing decisions (Sung Lee 2000; Clemons Weber, 1994) and having a continuous motivation to execute the strategy over time (Wyner 2002). Shipley and Jobber (2001) believe that pricing decisions should be a multistage process that takes into consideration a wide range of forces that are both internal and external to the company and that impact pricing effectiven ess Research Methodology The most appropriate condition for this case is the qualitative study. Qualitative approach is used when the essential principle of the research is to realize and increase imminent (Ghauri Gronhaug, 2005). The essential characteristic of a qualitative research is that the primary instrument in data collection and analysis is the researcher. The research activities include fieldwork and the process is primarily inductive. The data collections that can be used are the documents data archival data, interview data and direct observation (Merriam 1998). Maxwell (1996) claimed that in qualitative research the main threats of validity are; Description Interpretation Theory So keeping in view the overall scenario of research we will adopt Literature Archival Records Internet Sources Interviews PEST SWOT and Porters Analysis

Occupy Movement

Currently in the United States and in several countries around the world individuals are speaking out and holding protest for issues important to the people of the world. The issues include jobs, government assistance, foreclosures, freedom of speech, labor, education, and the banking industry. These protests are against the current high unemployment, greed, and corruption, economic inequality, and unjustified influence of financial corporations. It’s called the Occupy movement which is labeled as a protest movement. The current slogan for the Occupy movement is â€Å"We are the 99%†, which represents the difference between the population and the wealthy 1% of the population. On September 17, 2011 the first occupy movement took place In New York City called Occupy Wall Street. Occupy protests have been ongoing since October 9, 2011 in over 600 communities in the United States, 82 countries and over 95 cities across the nation. This is a non-violent movement lead strongly by the people of this nation. I feel as a citizen in the city, state or country you reside in each person should have the right to fight for his or her beliefs affecting him or her directly or indirectly. It seems as though with all the current occupy movements taken place the police presents has been a major problem for the protestors. Instead of protecting and serving they are bullying and beating on protestors. I believe the more people that stand up and join the movement the more powerful the revolution will become. The Occupy movement has gone from the streets into homes. There is a Occupy Homes movement that has begun for people experiencing foreclosures. This has become the most recent of the Occupy movements. I watched a story of a young African American family experience a home foreclosure; they had nowhere to go with 3 children. After consulting with the Occupy homes movement they decided to take shelter in another foreclosed home. It was such an amazing site to see over two hundred eople show up to support the family. Individuals cheered outside of the home with signs and bull horns and help the family occupy the home. We are slowing losing our rights the worse the economy becomes as individuals in this world there is no more important time to go out and be a part of something so special. The Occupy movement reminds me of the Civil rights movement. Individuals in the world have become tired of his or her circumstances and have begun to speak out and get their voices heard. It seems as though everyday there is something occurring in the world that suggests taken our rights away. Currently in congress there is a bill being debated on, that would allow the President to arrest citizens without the right to an attorney if the individual falls under the guidelines of being a terrorist. I believe with the Occupy movement in action and growing each day this is the perfect time for the people of America and other countries to speak out and fight for change. I have begun to participate in the Occupy movement by becoming a part of the website designed for the Occupy movement. I want to help in any way I can and make sure my children have a sound understanding of the current economic situation the world is in. I believe all people should at least look into the current movement and research what it stands for. We as a people have to stick together and fight for the changes we feel are necessary in today’s world. If we don’t I am not sure what the end result will be after our rights get stripped away one by one. I believe the Civil Rights movement was a model for the current Occupy movement taking place. The Occupy movement is peaceful and when you watch the videos or see the clips they show on the news. People are chanting what he or she expects, what he or she want’s and what he or she deserves. Take pride in becoming a part of making history with other individuals in the world. Join the Occupy movement and stand for changes that need to take place in order for the people of this world to live his or her best life. References http://occupywallst.org/ http://www.occupytogether.o

The Highland Towers Collapse and Ramp Construction

Introduction The intent of this essay is to happen out from a field, a edifice that experienced building calamity, analyze its short approachs and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to guarantee the same job doesn’t happen in the hereafter. The edifice upon which the R esearch is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a edifice in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other edifice. The Highland Towers prostration was an flat edifice prostration that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The prostration of Block One of the flats caused the deceases of 48 people and led to the complete emptying of the staying two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic edifice accidents in Malayan history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since so, the authorities and its subordinates sat down in a commission to see a manner forward for the building industry particularly building in hilly countries to minimise casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourer in peculiar because it is captured in the following 10 yearss and taken to the Tower of exposure a dramatic sequence, and brainsick deliverance operations. Building professionals with the instance of several of import influence in Malaysia, which will be the focal point of this paper, but besides lead to tort jurisprudence in Malaysia interesting development and elucidation. Case survey Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey edifices in a steep hill, was later extensively on the patios in the early 1980s in western base built in phases between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 ( built in 1977, the most southern ) Block2 ( built in 1979, north-west block 1, somewhat elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill ) Block3 ( built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2 ) . Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed edifice in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking batch after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the edifice failed, for 10 yearss. The tower is home to the flush middle-class households ; considerable proportion of occupants are exiles. Highland Tower was one time ill-famed early 1980s and 1990s for affluent people to conceal their kept woman popular topographic point. The H2O tower is behind a little watercourse known as the â€Å" East Creek. † Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower â€Å" before building. Later, construct a grapevine system to deviate flow to short-circuit the tower in 1991, a new lodging development undertaking, called † Wu Antarabangsa Development Project â€Å" , located in the tower Peak behind the start. As a consequence, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other flora and land screen, soil eroding exposed la nd, which will take to set down slides from the building site of the H2O diverted into the river to deviate the flow of the same East piping systems. finally, the grapevine system to go over- pressurized H2O, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the building site. pipe explosion at different locations in the mountains, the dirt had to absorb extra wet. December 1993 monsoon rains further declining the state of affairs. ( Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed ) Role and duties The Architect ( I ) there is no defence of this contact is a limited one, at least you must guarantee that other facets of the work of others is competent to finish. Defensive designer, he merely retained the design and supervising of three flat edifices, and denied that his scope extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that tribunal. The tribunal held that the designer must take into history the edifice on which is built in the locality of the land, and the land itself, the safety appraisal of the edifice, it must be evaluated. [ In add-on, the tribunal held that as a affair of fact, the designer concerned about the vicinity and the edifice itself, when he submitted the layout program, the governments because it includes high tower behind the incline patios and drainage. Therefore, he must guarantee that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike mode ] ( Ii ) there is no difference between the standard attention of unqualified physicians Although the designer in world merely a edifice draughtsman, measure their behaviour on the tribunal has the ability to architect a criterion that if a individual is unqualified, but showed himself to hold a accomplishment, he will be judged by the criterion a competent and qualified staff. ( C ) there is no alibi to state that mandatory employer does non follow with ordinances Finally, the Court seems to hold categorically rejected the designer ‘s alibi that he can non make anything to halt his foreman ( employers and applied scientists in obtaining certifications of fittingness in three flat edifices do non carry through the conditions stipulated by the local governments in collusion background, alternatively of patios and retaining walls to guarantee proper design, provide and sufficient to defy, even though he knew it would impact the edifice, he was in charge ) incline instability – the Court has made clear that, when the jurisprudence is broken, the designer must describe to the governments – after the designer must guarantee that the jurisprudence, even in the hazard of being discharged. Engineer Defense applied scientist, he merely retained the design and supervising of three flat edifices, Highland Towers compound constructions within two retaining walls, and submit programs, drainage, and two and denied his scope extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that tribunal. The tribunal found that applied scientists must take into history the edifice on which is built in the locality of the land, and the land itself, the clip to measure the safety of edifices, must be evaluated. He should guarantee the stableness of the incline behind Highland Towers. His responsibilities non by a mere belief that they are built on terraced inclines and retaining walls were discharged by an applied scientist or other adviser. He should inquire the professional is qualified, whether he was making what impact the safety of cascading tower. [ Neglect other facets of applied scientists – a serious misdemeanor of the governments to take attention of his duties to a presentment issued by the purchaser, and merely 10 per centum is based on the sanctioned drainage building ] In drumhead locations near edifice professionals need to be considered, every bit good as the safety appraisal of the site itself, particularly taking into history the next hillside. Building professionals to take part in a limited scope can non conceal behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be capable to the responsibilities owed to the range of their service is non limited to this. Building professionals required to guarantee that others do the work to prosecute them in the design may impact / supervisory construction is competent, workmanlike mode to transport out the work. If you think the general edifice professionals have expertise in a specific country of aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behaviour will be a step of this expertness qualified physician. After constructing professionals must guarantee that jurisprudence and, if necessary to describe to the governments if their clients interrupt the jurisprudence, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on jurisprudence of civil wrong Negligence The Highland Towers determination becomes another Malayan High Court determination which diverges from the attack of the English Courts and adopts the attack taken by other Commonwealth legal powers in leting the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss† , particularly where sufficient propinquity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the merchandise itself which is faulty by ground of carelessness, as opposed to the loss or harm caused to the belongings of the Plaintiff by this faulty merchandise. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is apt if the Plaintiff can demo the Defendant is responsible for a status or activity which interferes with usage or enjoyment of his land, and that status or activity is non a sensible user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers determination, necessitating the complainant must set up an extra demand that is the type of harm whether the suspect could moderately foreseeable, the rules adopted from English instance jurisprudence on the extension of the perturbation is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European states. Cause of structural failure The H2O tower is behind a little watercourse known as the â€Å" East Creek. † Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower â€Å" before building, so the constitution of the grapevine system is to deviate the flow to short-circuit the tower. In 1991, a new lodging development undertaking, called ‘Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project ‘ , located in the tower under building behind the top of the hill. The mountain is cleared of trees and other flora and land screen, land exposed dirt eroding is a major factor doing landslides. Construction site of the new H2O diverted into the bing grapevine systems used to reassign the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and H2O, sand and silt from the river and E into the grapevine building site. Pipes burst, several topographic points in the mountains, and the environing dirt to absorb extra wet. December 1993 monsoon rains farther impairment of the state of affairs. The H2O content in the dirt becomes ace saturated, so that the dirt has become syrupy, really go the grade of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with H2O, the H2O is fluxing down the inclines and considered retaining walls. Shortly thenceforth, landslides, destructing the building of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred 1000 square metres – a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, bit by bit forcing it frontward. After a month of this changeless force per unit area, foundations snapped and November 1993, the occupants began to see clefts organizing and spread outing the Highlandss environing the tower, on the route warning of prostration. Unfortunately, no farther probe before a prostration December 11, 1993. Safety governments and Investigation processs. These were the findings of the probe that came from the accident. Besides bespeaking who was to fault for the happening of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, merely two adult females and an baby were pulled out of the debris. Indonesian amah Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old girl Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the 2nd adult female, Nipponese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her hurts. Concluding study from the probes showed that It was the mistake of the belongings proprietors non to run out the land that caused the silt to construct and therefore the monolithic land slide that led to the prostration of the construction that claimed 48 lives. Liabilitiess. The followers are the tribunal ‘s findings of liability: The first suspect was negligent in presuming duty non to prosecute a qualified designer, edifice patios insufficient, inadequate, could moderately be expected to hold caused the prostration of the retaining walls and drains eastbound recreation from its natural class and failed to guarantee that the incline is equal H2O pipe culverts, and detest non maintained drains and retaining walls. The 2nd suspect ( the designer ) is assumed liability for carelessness does non guarantee equal drainage and retaining walls built in the next Highlandss tower site, which he foresaw or should hold foreseen that the edifice would jeopardize the hillside, he is responsible for, non specified with the governments on drainage, and the first suspect and the 3rd suspect ( applied scientists ) collude to acquire fitness certification does non carry through the conditions by the 4th suspect ( local governments ) are required, in making so does non follow with his responsibilities, the designer and no probe retaining walls, even though he knew they would impact the terraced hillsides and building of edifices, he was responsible for, and hatred, because he is an unreasonable land users. The 3rd suspect ( applied scientist ) is behind the carelessness of duty without sing the hillside or incline of the tower, there is no footing for the design and building to suit sidelong burden or instead landslide has ensured that the next incline stableness, without execution of the sanctioned drainage program, and the first and 2nd suspects colluded to acquire fitness certification does non carry through the conditions stipulated by the 4th suspect and a nuisance, because he is irrational usage of land. The 4th suspect ( local governments ) Although the carelessness of its construction-related occupations. That is about the edifice program blessing procedure to guarantee the execution of the sanctioned building of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness job remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act ( 2 ) unsusceptibility. The 4th suspect, but a care map Eastern watercourse tardily in carry throughing its building can non be spared for its carelessness. It besides attracted a nuisance liability. The 5th suspect ( Arab – Malayan fiscal BHD ) is apt for the carelessness of failure to keep drains their land, and in the land after the prostration of the steps taken to reconstruct stableness. Seventh suspect ( Metrolux belongings ) and its undertaking director, the 8th suspect, who is the duty of carelessness and nuisance, to forestall H2O from fluxing into the downhill ( into their web site ) , but to steer the watercourse of H2O into the East, when they knew or ought to hold known, this will increase the sum of H2O injected into the clay and, in peculiar, have their ain extended land glade, travel east into the watercourse, it will be deposited, which will in bend ( to turn out ) cause or contribute to drainage mistake system and a prostration. The 9th and 10th suspect ( fundamentally the province authorities ) , found no liability due to a proficient job on the prosecution of a peculiar political party. The 6th suspect ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab – abortion purchaser of land in Malaysia ) found no grounds of duty. Redresss About redresss the first this is happen a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and building applied scientist. In this instance causes of edifice prostration the chief ground is to happen designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: ( I ) Nearby locations edifice professionals need to be considered, every bit good as the safety appraisal of the site itself, particularly taking into history the next hillside. ( Ii ) edifice professionals to take part in a limited scope can non conceal behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be capable to the responsibilities owed to the range of their service is non limited to this. ( Iii ) edifice professionals required to guarantee that others do the work may be engaged to oversee their influence in the design / building is competent, will transport out their work, a workmanlike mode. ( Iv ) if the edifice professionals think they have expertise in specific countries when they are unqualified, their behaviour will be a step of this general makings expertise qualified physician. ( V ) building professionals must guarantee that the jurisprudence after a study to the governments if necessary, if their clients interrupt the jurisprudence, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The 2nd thing to make is to guarantee that the experience and expertness to this undertaking. Following to it is to guarantee that all stuffs and constituents to be installed and used in order to prove its functionality and satisfactory conformity with the needed criterions. For illustration ; specific research lab trials should be taken before utilizing compressive strength, stableness and lastingness. Finally, before any portion of the undertaking is complete, responsible for the blessing before its following regulative organic structures should be. The undertaking is a theoretical account for all the points necessary trials, carried out before the existent execution. Engineers can besides utilize the cause of the conditions and other facets of the theoretical account. The 3rd thing is because this state of affairs has occurred for many old ages, although the tribunal has non yet made the determination, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to decide some of the hazard about. Do non allow the calamity go on once more. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse ( Malaysia 1960-2010 )NOInvestigated causes of edifice prostrationMalayaPercentage ( % )1Structural failure1102Faulty design2203Poor craft1104Substandard stuffs1105Due to environing edifice development2206illegal transition007Inexperience contractor3308Building use00entire10100So in this tabular array we can see Causes of Building Collapse most ground is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experient contractor is really of import, faulty design and due to environing edifice development besides account for a big proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and treatment presented, you can deduce that the chief ground for the edifice ‘s structural failures, design mistakes and hapless craft, which may besides be applicable to other states in the universe. Besides from the consequences of this survey, it is believed that there are three types of claims, can bring forth any edifices collapsed, that contract claims, civil wrong claims and incidents of both contract and civil wrong claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her petition. Therefore, the undermentioned recommendations for who had suffered losingss in the square edifice prostration Events so that their demands: ( I ) The Government shall endeavour to help in the probe of any incidence of edifice prostration, to let victims to cognize the responsible party, and from whom to do a claim. ( two ) The Government should help proprietors or who have suffered the loss of a edifice prostration in the event a 3rd party to prosecute their instances in tribunal as they do their other demands, if they can non, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. ( three ) The Government should ordain Torahs that will better the effectivity and criterions for the building of edifices. ( four ) In add-on, the authorities should supervise, manage and implement the jurisprudence, its effectivity. ( V ) Every edifice proprietor should guarantee that qualified professionals and experient contractors are engaged in transporting out their building procedure. ( six ) Every professional organic structure should supervise their members and besides be ready to punish any error-prone member who ISS found apt in constructing prostration incident. Decision Ramp building led to landslides – like we decidedly hear a batch of intelligence, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everyplace and droping of trees for the building of the activities. Otherwise, this calamity 21 old ages ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will earnestly look at this issue! Mentionshypertext transfer protocol: //malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapsehypertext transfer protocol: //www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-

Computers and Homeland Security Essay - 735 Words

Computers and Homeland Security After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 security became a major concern for citizens and of course lawmakers. Unsure of what could happen next we were all afraid. Homeland Security encompasses policies, laws, organizations, and procedures designed to protect the rights and freedoms inherent in the US Constitution. Homeland defense which is sometime interchanged with Homeland Security deals with extra-territorial threats and preemptive operations (Parons Oja, 51). Governments in many countries are devoting significant resources to combat this growing threat. In the United Stats, the Department of Homeland Security, or DHS is responsible for reducing America?s vulnerability to†¦show more content†¦(NSA.gov). Computerized language translation programs help English-speaking agents sift through communications in other languages. Homeland security agencies are taking steps to secure the national computer and communications infrastructure with programs that t arget individual computer owners, corporate computer networks, Internet service providers, and communications carriers. US-CERT was established in September of 2003. Its missions is to protect the nation?s Internet infrastructure (US-CERT.gov). It?s responsible for analyzing and reducing cyber threats and vulnerabilities, distributing cyber threat warning information, and coordinating incident response activities. US-CERT is the operational arm of the National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) at the Department of Homeland Security. It operates the National Cyber Alert System that identifies, analyzes, and prioritizes emerging threats, including viruses and intrusions (US-CERT.gov). Database Analysis Computers are a key tool in the fight against terrorism. 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The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of Homeland Security, 2015)Read MoreCritical Infrastructure Protection1106 Words   |  5 PagesProtecting an infrastructure takes an important security initiative called Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). The United States critical infrastructure is protected by the Department of Homeland Security. Examine three areas of the Department of Homeland Security: mission, operations and responsibilities The first area is the Department of Homeland Security’s mission. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in 2002 by the Homeland Security Act. In 2003 the DHS started their operationsRead MoreProtecting Yourself Against the Treats of Cyberspace1022 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Security It seems like everyone in today’s society has access to a computer, a cell phone, or some other type of technology that allows information to be passed from one person to another through space. With your private information out there in cyberspace, clever thieves are finding ways to access your personal informational and to steal from you without you even knowing about it until it is too late. The thieves are taking your personal data and using it to gain access to your accountsRead MorePersonally Identifiable Information Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesUNDERSTANDING OUR RESPONSIBILITY REGARDING PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION IFSM 201 JULY 22, 2012 Abstract Anyone who uses computer technology today accepts the fact that their Personally Identifiable Information (PII) may or could be transmitted, collected, and used to benefit the one who receives that information. It is our responsibility to know what PII transmissions are being made available for public use over the web. Understanding all the aspects of PII and the approaches that are