The Major Challenges Facing the Criminal Justice System

The federal prison system has been unable to keep pace with the steady flow of inmates pouring into its facilities during the past five years, despite adding space for thousands of new offenders, according to a U.S. Government Accountability Office report. The report also found that the Bureau of Prisons has already surged to 39 percent above capacity and is projected to jump to more than 45 percent above its limits by 2018 (GAO, 2012). According to a The New York Times article written by Adam Liptak (2011), overcrowding in prisons rose to its highest levels since 2004, when federal prisons were 41 percent beyond capacity. As more and more inmates are crammed into ever tightening living spaces increases in violent incidents are surly going†¦show more content†¦Also, using low risk inmates to cultivate vegetable gardens, raise livestock like cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens to provide additional and more varied food for prisons. This could help improve nutrition and also pro vide inmates with meaningful activity. While at the same time addressing the health of the prison, the security of the prison can be solved as well. Often the movement of prisoners is restricted as a means of controlling the situation and providing safety for all involved. Unfortunately this adds to the stress and hostility felt by inmates. Reducing inmate idleness, by increasing opportunities for exercise and sports, and by allowing religious activities can up the security of the prison. Active inmates are less likely to feel stressed and hostile. There are alternatives to incarceration and they are on the rise in an attempt to accommodate the rising rates of overpopulation. Boot camps are one of most wildly used in the United States, with the first put into place in Georgia and Oklahoma in 1983. The intention was to maximize deterrence, to reduce prison crowding, to reduce the rising costs of prison housing and to reduce re-offense. Boot camps are intended to be less restrictive than prison but harsher than probation. They stress vigorous physical activity, drill and ceremony, manual labor, and other activities that ensure that participants have little, if any, free time.Show MoreRelatedThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn the criminal justice system, there are many components and rules that everyone must follow. The main three components are law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All three of these components interact with each other at one point or another in the criminal justi ce system. In the first phase, you have the law enforcement these are people that are looking for the individuals that are breaking the law. According to Smith (2017), â€Å"Law enforcement personnel are also responsible for bringing forthRead MoreYouth Violence, Three Strike Legislation And Drugs1660 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities present major challenges facing criminal justice leaders. 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With the creation of the Canadian charter of right and freedom, access to justice became moreRead MoreLeading Group Challenges1610 Words   |  7 PagesLeading Group Challenges * Police, courts and corrections are part of criminal justice organizations. Each of these organizations face challenges every day and the leaders of these agencies must deal with these challenges (Duelin, 2010). The types of criminal justice leaders range from police chiefs and sheriffs to prison superintendents, and heads of government, state, or local task forces. Some of the challenges they confront are budget and staffing shortfalls, political perspectives on theRead More235764916 CJA 394 Week 1 Criminal Justice Overview Paper SAMPLE page only1665 Words   |  7 Pagesselected issue affects the criminal justice system as a whole. †¢ Describe some of the change(s) the criminal justice system as a whole has made in response to the issue you selected. †¢ Include your opinion on whether the changes are sufficient. 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The three parts of the criminal justice system operate together under the rule of law andRead MoreThe Mentally Ill O FF Ender Treatment And Crime Reduction Act Of 2004 : Problems And Prospects1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe criminal justice system; they cite one major reason as the deinstitutionalization policies and closures of state mental hospitals that occurred in the late 1950’s an d 1960’s. These changes resulted in the SMI persons’ lack of access and scarcity of community mental health treatment, housing issues and homelessness, social welfare policies, stringent inpatient and drug laws, substance abuse, and poverty. These social factors contributed to increases in SMI, into the criminal justice system. FurthermoreRead MoreHistorical Development of Police Agencies Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Law Enforcement Law Enforcement December 12, 2011 Introduction The criminal justice system has many components that make up its system. 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How a business charts its growth in the current market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2556 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Landmarks Group is charting its growth path into the new millennium. The Group is confident that the plans and changes put into place over the past three years will enable us to achieve our vision of being a leading player in the lifestyle sector in the South East Asian region. The Group has reviewed the master plan for the water resort city development in Treasure Bay Bintan. The improving property investment scenario, especially in Singapore, has encouraged the Group to work towards the launching of Phase 1, which includes a marina, yacht club, themed resorts, private residences and commercial areas, before the end of 2010. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How a business charts its growth in the current market" essay for you Create order The Andaman is now operated by Starwood and rebranded as a premier Luxury Collection Resort which will raise the profile of the hotel amongst the discerning guests. Starwood, a leading international hospitality company and operator, is expected to complement and further enhance the unique and innate qualities of our resort and bring it to the next level of growth. The Group recorded a Profit after Tax of RM9.5 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2009. This was mainly due to our share in the revaluation gain recorded by our associated company, MSL Properties Sdn.Bhd, amounting to RM9.8 million. Their main operating subsidiary, The Andaman, recorded an operating profit of RM17 million for the year ended 31 December 2009, which is an increase of 5.4% compared to the preceding year. Their cash reserves of RM230 million, comprising RM220 million in cash and RM10 million in short term investment, remained intact during the year. Coupled with the improving credit environment and risk appetite of the financial institutions, the Directors have decided to declare a dividend for 2009 to our shareholders of 1% less tax. We thank our shareholders for their patience and continued support during difficult times. Besides that, Shangri-La for the year ended 31 December 2009, the Group recorded a 12% decrease in revenue to RM 367.371 million compared with RM 415.447 million in 2008, mostly due to the material declines in revenue contributions from Shangri-La Hotel Kuala Lumpur and Golden Sands Resort. Group profit before tax for the year was RM51.505 million, 28% below that of RM71.474 million achieved in 2008. The Groups profit attributable to shareholders consequently dropped to RM35.353 million in 2009 from RM 49.267 million the previous year. Earnings per share were 8.03 sen for 2009 as compared to 11.20 sen in 2008. The Group continues to maintain a healthy balance sheet and financial position. As at the end of 2009, shareholders equity of the Group stood at RM748.275 million, up from RM739.322 million at the 2008 year-end. In tandem, Group net asset value per share increased to RM1.70 from RM1.68 at the end of December 2008. The Groups consolidated net debt at the yearend amounted to RM 168.970 million compared with a net debt level of RM154.319 million at 31 December 2008, reflecting the increased borrowings taken on during the year mainly to finance the renovation programmers at Shangri-La Hotel Kuala Lumpur and Golden Sands Resort. Group net gearing at 31 December 2009 was 23% versus 21% as at the previous year end, and remains well within the debt capacity of the Group. Shangri-La Hotel Kuala Lumpur had a challenging year, with business levels in both rooms and food and beverage operations impacted significantly by renovation disruptions and poor market conditions. The major work to upgrade all the guestrooms at the hotel that began in April 2008 was fully completed at the end of November 2009. Landmark Shangri-La 279774000-26135000 =253639000 69220000-202709000 =-133489000 Net working capital= Current assets Current liabilities 2 company comparative down, Landmarks comparison have the ability to return his debt, Shangri-La instead not ability has debts. Shangri-La owes debts than he is of asset, Landmarks is 253639000 and Shangri-La is -133489000. Landmark Shangri-La 279774000 26135000 =10.7 69220000 202709000 =0.3 Current ratio= Current assets Current liabilities Current assets normally include cost, marketable securities, accounts receivable and inventories, current liabilities consist of accounts payable, short-term notes payable, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued taxes and other accrued expense. Shangri-la current ratio is 0.3, this company is getting into financial difficulty, it begins paying its bills more slowly, borrowing from its bank and so on. If current liabilities are rising faster than current assets, the darrent ratio will fall and this could spell trouble. Because the current ratio provides the best single indicator of the extent to which the claims of short-term creditors are covered by assets that are expected to be converted to cash fairly quickly, it is the most commonly used measure of short-term solvency. Landmark current ratio is 10.7, there can liquidity debt easily. Since current assets are scheduled to be converted to cash in the near future, it is highly probable that they could be liquidated at close to their stated value. Landmark Shangri-La 279774000- (873000) 26135000= 10.6 69220000-(9230000+19206000) 202709000= 0.2 Acid-test (Quick) Ratio Current assets (inventory + prepaid expenses) Current liabilities Acid-test (Quick) Ratio of Shangri-La is 0.2, it is low in comparison with other firms with Landmark in its industry. Besides that, Landmark their accounts receivable can be collected, the company can pay off its current liabilities without having to liquidate its inventory. Landmark Shangri-La 46776000 (5764000+7921000) 2 =6.8 times 367371000 (29420000+31094000) 2 =12.1 times Account receivable turnover Net credit sales Average accounts receivable This Account receivable turnover is the ratio of the number of times that accounts receivable amount is collected throughout the year. A high accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates a tight credit policy. A low or declining accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates a collection problem, part of which may be due to bad debts. The accounts receivable turnover ratio is included in the financial statement ratio analysis spreadsheets highlighted in the left column, which provide formulas, definitions, calculation, charts and explanations of each ratio. 2 company comparative down, Landmark comparison have the ability to return his debt, Shangri-La instead not ability has debts. Landmark need to use 6.8 time to pay his debts, but Shangri-La is 12.1 time to also, so Landmark comparison have the ability to also debt Landmark Shangri-La 5764000 46776000/365 = 44.9 day 29420000 367371000/365 = 29.2 day Account receivable turnover Account receivable Daily credit sales A high turnover indicates higher cash basis sales or efficient collections. A low turnover indicates collection problems and possible bad debts. Most companies do not charge interest on accounts receivable unless the account becomes past due. An extension of credit is then essentially an interest free loan to customers and not collecting payments on time creates inefficiency and opportunity costs for the company. For example, the company could use the cash to invest the money and earn interest, pay down debt from which the company is incurring interest expenses, or finance growth opportunities instead of having money tied up in accounts receivable. It is also a business risk that a certain percentage of customers will not pay balances due at all, so measures of uncollectible accounts should be made when it can be reasonably estimated. Estimates are usually based on historical uncollectable. Landmark Shangri-La 17984000 (873000+1450000) 2 =15.4 times 51505000 (9230000+11592000) 2 =4.9 times Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold Average inventory Each item of Landmark inventory is sold out and restocked, or turn over 15.4 times per year. Landmark excess inventory is of cause, unproductive and it represents an investment with a low or zero of return. Shangri-La low inventory turnover ratio also makes us questions the current ratio. With such a low turnover, we must wonder whether the firm is actually holding obsolete good not worth their stated value. Landmark Shangri-La 46776000 2102172000 =0.02 times 367371000 1065890000 =0.3 times Total asset turnover Net sales Total fixed asset The total asset turnover represents the amount of revenue generated by a company as a result of its assets on hand. This equation is a basic formula for measuring how efficiently a company is operating. The sale represents all the revenue generated by the company and is disclosed on a companys income statement. The total asset represents the assets listed on the companys balance sheet. The higher ratio of sales to net total assets is the better. Landmark only 0.02 times, so they have a good use of their asset, Shangri-La is 0.3 times therefore said they did not take advantage of. Once the asset, the more their profits would also more. Landmark Shangri-La 46776000 2381946000 = 0.01 times 367371000 1135110000 =0.3 times Total asset turnover Net sales Total asset Landmark only 0.01 times, so they have a good use of their asset, Shangri-La is 0.3 times therefore said they did not take advantage of. Landmark is not generating a sufficient volume of business given its total asset investment. Sales should be increased, some assets should be disposed of, or a combination of these steps should be taken. Landmark Shangri-La 675642000 2381946000 =0.28% 317203000 1135110000 =0.28% Debt ratio Total liabilities Total asset Total debt includes both current liabilities and long-term debt. Creditors prefer low debt rations because the lower the ratio, the greater the cushion against creditors losses in the event of liquidation. Landmark and Shangri-La debt ratio is 28 percent, which means that its creditors have supplied less than half the total financing. Landmark and Shangri-La debt ratio is 28 percent, so creditors may be reluctant to lend the firm more money and management would probably be subjecting the firm to the risk of bankruptcy if it sought to increase the debt ratio. Landmark Shangri-La 675642000 9791000 =69 317203000 35353000 =8.9 Debt / equity ratio Total liabilities Stockholders equity Debt or equity ratio is measure of a companys financial leverage calculated by dividingits total liabilitiesbystockholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. A high debt or equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. This can result in volatile earnings as a result of the additional interest expense. If a lot ofdebt isused to finance increasedoperations high debt to equity, the company could potentially generate more earningsthan it would have without thisoutside financing.If this were to increase earnings by a greater amount than the debt cost interest, then the shareholders benefit asmoreearnings are being spread among the same amount of shareholders. Landmark Shangri-La 7586000 4012000 =1.8 times 51505000 5005000 =10.2 times Times interest earned ratio Earnings before interest and tax Interest expense The times interest earned ratio measures the extent to which operating income can decline before the firm is unable to meet its annual interest costs. Failure to meet this obligation can bring legal action by the firms creditors, possibly resulting in bankruptcy. Shangri-La interest is covered 10.2times, if the times is higher their will stable and can pay their interest. Gross profit margin Landmark Shangri-La 28792000 46776000 =0.6 56748000 367371000 =0.15 Gross profit Net sales A financial metric used to assessa firms financial health by revealing theproportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold.Gross profit margin serves as thesource for paying additional expenses and future savings. Gross margin, gross profit margin or gross profit rate is the difference between the sales and the production costs excluding overhead, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. Gross margin can be defined as the amount of contribution to the business enterprise, after paying for direct-fixed and direct-variable unit costs, required to cover overheads fixed commitments and provide a buffer for unknown items. It expresses the relationship between gross profit and sales revenue. It is a measure of how well each dollar of a companys revenue is utilized to cover the costs of goods sold Net profit margin Landmark Shangri-La 9515000 46776000 =0.2 44227000 367371000 =0.1 Net profit Net sales Profit margins vary by industry, but all else being equal, the higher a companys profit margin compared to its competitors, the better. Net profit divided by net revenues, often expressed as a percentage. This number is an indication of how effective a company is at cost control. The higher the net profit margin is, the more effective the company is at converting revenue into actual profit. The net profit margin is a good way of comparing companies in the same industry, since such companies are generally subject to similar business conditions. However, the net profit margins are also a good way to compare companies in different industries in order to gauge which industries are relatively more profitable also called net margin. Return on total assets Net income Average total assets Landmark Shangri-La 4729000 (2381946000+2386381000) 2 =-0.19% 190000 (1135110000+1074039000) 2 =-0.017% Return on total assets ratio that measuresa companys earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) againstits total net assets. The ratio is considered an indicator of how effectively a company is using its assets to generate earnings before contractual obligations must be paid. The greater a companys earnings in proportion to its assets and the greater the coefficient from this calculation, the more effectively that company is said to be using itsassets. The resulting number will reveal the companys EBIT. The EBIT number should then be divided by the companys total net assets total assets lessdepreciation and any allowances for bad debtsto reveal the earnings that company has generated for each dollar of assets on its books. Return on common equity (ROCE/ROE) Earnings available to common stockholders Average stockholders equity Landmark Shangri-La 9515000 (9791000+62865000) 2 =0.2% 44227000 (35353000+49267000) 2 =1% Stockholders invest to get a return on their money and this ratio tells how well they are doing in an accounting sense. Earnings per share (Net income Preferred dividends) Total common shares outstanding Landmark Shangri-La 4729000-0 1706304000 = -0.27 190000-0 748275000 = -0.02 The portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.Earnings per shareserve as an indicator ofa companys profitability. It is more accurate to use aweighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because thenumber of shares outstanding can change over time. Landmark Shangri-La 9867000 -0.27 = -36 428000 -0.02 = -21 Price / Earnings ratio Market price per share Earnings per share Price / Earnings ratio are higher for firms with strong growth prospects. Shangri-La this suggests that the company is regarded as being somewhat riskier than most, as having poorer growth prospects or both. Book value per share (Total stockholders equity preferred dividends) Shares outstanding Landmark Shangri-La (9791000+0) 1706304000 = -0.5 (35353000+0) 748275000 = 0.04 In most situations, the book value per share can be a pretty meaningless value. Technically, it is considered to be the accounting value of each share, which can be drastically different than what the market value per share is for a common stock.There is also very little that market value and book value have in common. Market value or price per share is a reflection of supply and demand for a stock.Usually this is based on some expectation of future performance. Landmark Shangri-La 480682000 9867000 = 48 440000000 428000 = 1028 Dividend yield Dividend per share Market price per share A financial ratio thatshows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price.In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on investment for astock. Investors who require a minimum stream of cash flow from their investment portfolio can secure this cash flow by investing in stocks paying relatively high, stable dividend yields. Landmark Shangri-La 480682000 -0.27 = -17 440000000 -0.02 = -22 Dividend payout Dividend per share Earnings per share Dividend payouts are one of the two usual options open to an investor when it comes to dividends generated on investment holdings. The dividend payout is the generated cash that a corporation issued to a shareholder as a dividend on the total number of shares. Depending on the structure of the stock issue, the dividend payout may involve all the net profit generated during the fiscal year, or be a portion of the net profit.

Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys - 731 Words

Rochester and Antoinette are two characters that are both outsiders of their respective communities. Antoinette is excluded from both the white and black communities, and eventually it leads to her instability and uneasiness throughout the novel. While being excluded from the community isn’t dreadful enough, she suffers being called a â€Å"white cockroach† (23) and becoming an aberration through her own husband’s eyes, Rochester. Moreover, Rochester is ignored by his own family. His isolation stems from the letter he sends to his father, stating that â€Å"I will never be a disgrace to you or my dear brother the son you love† (70). His bitterness implies that his father favors his brother much more than he favors Rochester. He is also separated from the black population, as he tells Antoinette that he would never â€Å"hug and kiss [a black person]† (91). His haughty behavior eventually confines him from the population on the island. Ultimately, A ntoinette’s and Rochester’s struggles pushes these characters to a new extreme in which it pushes Rochester to lock his wife in the attic and Antoinette to â€Å"write [her] name in fire red† (53) by the end of the novel. Throughout Wide Sargasso Sea, Jean Rhys magnifies the themes of madness and power by analyzing Rochester’s and Antoinette’s interactions with one another to ultimately teach a lesson that can be interpreted in many different ways. Their downfalls are created by the catastrophic conflicts with each other and the environment aroundShow MoreRelatedWide Sargasso Sea By Jean Rhys1604 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea†, a novel by Jean Rhys, grants a voice to the other side of the story, the side that people believe to be madness. Generally, what the majority agrees upon is considered the truth. Hence, people who disagree or offer another opinion are instantly labeled as mad and end up secluded from society. Antoinette Mason Cosway, the protagonist of Wide Sargasso Sea, is considered a mad woman. Her absurd actions and thoughts are what leads to her demise. However, this novel casts aRead MoreWide Sargasso Sea By Jean Rhys1400 Words   |  6 Pages Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel written by Jean Rhys, discussing the life of Antoinette Cosway. Antoinette and her family are Creole and they live on a sugar plantation in Jamaica. Due to Antoinette’s Creole background, she and her family face a lot of problems and discrimination during their lives. However, when Antoinette grew older she had one friend named Tia. They played and talked together despite their obvious differences. On the night that Coulibri is set on fire, Antoinette flees with herRead MoreJean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea1708 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea attempts to prove just how closely intertwined dreams and reality are. 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She contrasts the European discourse with the creole discourse, focusingRead MoreJean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesIn Jean Rhys’s novel Wide Sargasso Sea, Edward Rochester can be considered as an embodiment of patriarchal and colonial oppression. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, patriarchal means, â€Å"relating to, characteristic of, or designating a society or culture in which men tend to be in positions of authority and cultural values and norms are seen as favouring men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Patriarchal†) moreover colonial means â€Å"of, belonging to, or relating to a colony†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Colonial†). In addition, oppression meansRead MoreBook Review: Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea543 Words   |  2 PagesIdeas like slavery and post-colonial aftermath on former British colonies are dominant ideas in Jean Rhys 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea. The writer focused on providing a realistic display con cerning feelings in former British colonies as individuals struggle to reclaim their cultural identity in environments destroyed as a consequence of oppression occurring during British influence. The first part of the novel focuses extensively on people who were formerly slaves working on plantations ownedRead MoreEssay on The Tragedy of Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Wide Sargasso Sea  Ã‚   In Jean Rhys novel Wide Sargasso Sea, whether Antoinette Cosway really goes mad in the end is debatable. Nevertheless, it is clear that her life is tragic. The tragedy comes from her numerous pursuits for love and a sense of belonging, and her failure at each and every one of these attempts. As a child Antoinette, is deprived of parental love. Her father is a drunkard and has many mistresses and illegitimate children. According to Daniel Cosways accountRead More Themes in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys Essay examples792 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys The main themes in Wide Sargasso Sea are slavery and entrapment, the complexity of racial identity and womanhood or feminism. In all of these themes the main character who projects them are Antoinette and Christophine. The theme slavery and entrapment is based on the ex- slaves who worked on the sugar plantations of wealthy Creoles figure prominently in Part One of the novel, which is set in the West Indies in the early nineteenth century. AlthoughRead More The Importance of Truth in Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Truth in Wide Sargasso Sea In Wide Sargasso Sea Rhys presents a white Creole family living in a Caribbean Island (Jamaica), which is a lush and insecure world for them, after the liberation of the slaves. The husband had once been a slaveholder, the mother is a confused and crazy lady and Antoinette, the daughter, is a child in an atmosphere of fear, recrimination and bitter anger. She becomes increasingly isolated-this isolation is broken by her scheming stepbrother, whoRead MoreReview of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys830 Words   |  3 Pages I would say that doomed would be the correct adjective to use. Antoinette did not stand a chance at a happy marriage with Rochester. There are lots of different things that happen to undermine the success of their marriage. To begin with their marriage is based on money. The only reason that Rochester is marrying Antoinette was due to the large dowry placed on her by Mr Mason. A marriage without love will never work but all Antoinette wanted was to be loved as her mother had not loved her. Mr Rochester

The Concepts Of Public Health Nursing Essay - 1745 Words

The United States of America is composed of people from different parts of the world. These people chose to leave their own country and migrate to the United States (U.S) wanting a better life for themselves and their families. Many of them see this country as a land of opportunity. According to the 2013 American Community survey (ACS) published by the United States Census Bureau, there are 1.4 million legal and illegal immigrant population residing in the country. The illegal immigrants who come from diverse ethnic groups and are of various age group. One of the problem that the America is facing right now is the problem with children who have crossed illegally into this country. In this paper, the author will define the issue based on the concepts of public health nursing, identify the ethical principle that is related to it, describe both sides of the issue and choose one side, and suggest a call to action for the problem. According to Poon (2014) there are approximately 60,000 unaccompanied children who have crossed illegally into the U.S. The growing number of unaccompanied illegal children crossing the country produce various issues. The public health and the humanitarian issues are one of the many issues. And whether the government should allow these children to stay in the United States or not is a widely asked question. When we talk about these issues in the perspective of public health nursing, the concepts of social justice, health disparities, and healthShow MoreRelatedConcepts of the Discipline of Nursing Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesConcepts Central to the Discipline of Nursing In order to critically examine the concepts central to the discipline of nursing it is important to clarify my understanding of what constitutes a discipline. Nursing literature has led me to understand that a discipline can be, in simple terms, thought of as a field of study with a unique perspective which gives rise to the nature and scope of inquiry of that field and therefore leads to a specialized body of knowledge (Parker, M Smith, M, 2010).Read MoreReflection1058 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One Advanced practice nursing (APN) can be loosely defined as an area of nursing in which nurses are required to practice at an advanced level in a specific area of interest. APN extends the boundaries of nursing’s scope of practice and contributes to nursing knowledge, and the development of the profession (Canadian Nurses Association, 2008). In order to become an APN, the nurse must obtain a master’s or doctoral degree from an accredited university in an area of concentrationRead MoreThe Nursing Career1082 Words   |  4 Pagesecological viewpoint. A public health nurse can practice in clinics, health departments, faith-based organizations, mobile vans, homes, correctional facilities, occupations, community centers and hospitals. There is no setting that a public health nurse cannot practice to deliver a community-focused intervention. Delivering a successful intervention can be challenging but with learning competencies and skills, the PHN can achieve results. At all times the focus must be on the health needs of an entireRead MoreNursing Image and Media1449 Words   |  6 PagesNursing the Silent Profession and Media’s influence The nursing image has become a major issue in the society as people have different perception about nursing. Some believe that nurses do their duties out of kindness. This has influenced the nursing image as most people do not see nursing as a good profession. Only few people in the society see nursing as an important profession and consider the qualification of the nurses (Younge amp; Niekerk, 2004). This has led to shortage of nurses in theRead MoreThe Importance of Nursing Roles1089 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Importance of Nursing Roles Nurses have always been the backbone of healthcare and first response teams. Nurses are the first interaction a patient will have. The observations that a nurse makes through symptom analysis will aid the doctor in diagnosing the patient. This paper will first give a brief history of nursing and nursing roles and will focus on nursing theories and theorists. This paper will answer the question of how nursing theories helped to structure the nursing profession of todayRead MoreInterpreting The Role Of Nurses During Kerala s Public Health Care System1680 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal Interpreting the Role of Nurses in Kerala’s Public Health Care System Name of the Guide: Dr. Mathew George Pallavi Muraleedharan Enrollment Number: M2015HE018 Master of Health Administration (2015-17) 1. INTRODUCTION The shortage of qualified human resources in the health sector is a major challenge India is currently facing. 18% of the primary health centers are without a doctor and out of the 52% sanctioned posts for specialists at CHCs that remain vacant, 55% areRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1689 Words   |  7 Pagesas a complement to health belief model (HBM).   HBM is based on individuals avoiding disease, but has limitations, such as placing the burden of action on the patient (Nies and McEwen, 2011).   While Milio recognized these limitations, she continued the development of her framework for prevention.   She focused on opportunities for nurses to make changes at the population level.  Ã‚   Milio also noted that health care deficits resulted in an imbalance between health needs and health resources, and thereforeRead MoreNurses And Midwives Are The Largest Group Of Health Workers1446 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nurses and midwives are the largest group of health workers who provide a wide range of health services, which include promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and supportive care to individuals, families and groups (World Health Organization 2006). Modern day nursing embraces growing technology, theoretical advancements and increasing accountability (Mason and Whitehead 2003). Their adequate representation and utilization in the health care system is very crucial to achieve the resultsRead MoreThe Framework Of Related Concepts Within Nursing Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesis the framework of related concepts in nursing theory. Concepts themselves can be statements or ideas. They can be empirical; observed, or experienced though the senses, or they can be abstract; not observable. (Masters, K., 2015). The four metaparadigm concepts in nursing are the person, the environment, health and nursing. It is a structure of intangible concepts of which many conceptual models have be en developed. A conceptual model is the grouping of concepts into some meaningful way. MultipleRead MoreAbbreviations. Anm Auxiliary Nurse Midwife. Chc Community1152 Words   |  5 Pages Community Health Center CNE Continuing Nursing Education INC Indian Nursing Council KNMC Kerala Nurses and Midwives Council MO Medical Officer PHC Primary Health Center TNAI Trained Nurses’ Association of India GNM General Nursing and Midwifery JPHN Junior Public Health Nurse NCD Non Communicable Disease JHI Junior Health Inspector GO Government Order DNO District Nursing Officer ADNS Additional Director of Nursing Services NS Nursing Superintendent NO Nursing Officer DMOH

Melani McAlister Free Essays

Culture and history are interdependent concepts that have always influenced and determined the path of human societies as time progressed.   The power of culture in determining the prevalence of an ideology or a specific society has never been most evident than when the human societies were progressing towards accelerated development in the 19th and 20th centuries. Melani McAlister’s â€Å"Epic Encounters† and Edward Said’s â€Å"Orientalism† demonstrate human societies’ preoccupation in uncovering the ‘truth’ and reality behind the seemingly accelerated progress of ‘developed’ nations over other ‘developing or underdeveloped’ nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Melani McAlister or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The two authors expressed particular interest in understanding what set apart Western nations from Middle Eastern or Oriental nations, as conceptualized by McAlister and Said, respectively. In their discussion of the Western society and the ‘otherness’ of Middle Eastern and Oriental nations, the authors conducted researches utilizing different methodologies.   In understanding McAlister’s analyses of the otherness of Middle Eastern nations from the United States, she conducted research based on cultural artifacts, primarily mass media artifacts that chronicle the history of the US-Middle East relationship.   Said, meanwhile, looked into the history of the creation and development of Orientalism based on a meta-analysis of historical and cultural documents that can provide greater understanding and additional perspective in determining the specific point from which Orientalism sprang from. The central focus of this proposal is to provide a comparison of McAlister’s and Said’s respective concepts of â€Å"otherness,† as ascertained by their (1) conceptualization of the societies under study, and (2) methodologies adopted by the researchers (McAlister and Said) in coming up with their generalizations.   In effect, the researcher proposes a meta-analysis by looking closely into the two authors’ conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of â€Å"otherness,† in the context of Middle Eastern, Oriental, and Western societies. The first phase of the proposed study is to uncover how McAlister and Said developed their respective concepts of otherness, applied in the context of Middle Eastern and Oriental cultures, respectively.   The rationale for determining this first step of the meta-analysis study is to first determine whether the authors developed similar criteria in developing the concept, â€Å"otherness.† It is interesting to note that upon closer study of their works, McAlister’s concept of otherness is more culture-based, while Said’s was centered on history.   These differences in perspectives made their analysis radically different, while still maintaining one focus: the theme of Other versus Western society.   However, in the conduct of the meta-analysis of the otherness concept, it is vital to note that both authors subsisted to analyzing cultural products—mass media artifacts for McAlister, and historical documents for Said. A major influence that helped determine â€Å"otherness† in the authors’ works was the methodology they used in analyzing the different societies under study.   Analyses of their methodologies would provide more depth in the research’s interpretation of â€Å"otherness.† In fact, combining a meta-analysis on the concept of â€Å"otherness† and methodologies used to understand â€Å"otherness† provides triangulation in the study, giving the researcher more direction in determining which between McAlister and Said provided a more accurate and objective conceptualization of â€Å"otherness.†Ã‚   The last phase of the proposed study will integrate the findings from the first two phases of the study, giving an overall picture of the authors’ basis for focusing on the concept of otherness as determined by history and culture. References: McAlister, M.   (2001).   Epic Encounters: culture, media, and US interests in the Middle East.   University of California Press. Said, E.   (1979).   Orientalism.   NY: Vintage. How to cite Melani McAlister, Essay examples

Literature Review Resources Impact of Leadership Style in Education

Question: Describe about the Impact of Leadership style in Education? Answer: The Impact of Leadership style in Education: Lok, P., Crawford, J. (2004). The effect of organizational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A cross-national comparison.Journal of Management Development,23(4), 321-338. In this article, here mention the consequence of organizational culture leadership styles on job approval and organizational obligation in section Australian executive. In this, they discuss regarding the vital dissimilarity between the two sections, establish for measures of modernism (Selesho Ntisa, 2014). Moreover, the helpful in organizational culture job approval and organizational obligation. For the mutual samples, pioneering and helpful culture, and a deliberation toward leadership style, had helpful property on both job approval and obligation, with the effects of an innovative culture on approval and obligation, and the effect of a thought of leadership style on obligation, creature stronger in the Australian section. In this they argue about the initiate organization leadership style had a negative result on job approval for the joint sample. Participant stages of learning originate to have a minor negative result on approval, and a minor positive result on obligation (S elesho Ntisa, 2014). In this, they use random sample methods to collect the data. They used both primary as well as secondary data for the data collection. Under primary method, they use questionnaire and on the other hand, under secondary data they use both qualitative as well as quantities data. This is reliable with learning that has revealed that there is strong positive relation among empowerment, job approval and obligation (Selesho Ntisa, 2014). Margolis, L., Rosenberg, A., Umble, K. (2015). The Relationship between Interprofessional Leadership Education and Interprofessional Practice: How Intensive Personal Leadership Education Makes a Difference.Health and Interprofessional Practice,2(3), 1. This article discusses regarding the connection between interprofessional leadership education and interprofessional perform (Selesho Ntisa, 2014). Interdisciplinary leadership development program (ILDP) is partnership between five-university grounds support Maternal child health bureau-funded training agenda. This plan incorporated Leadership Education in Neurodevelopment and connected Disabilities, public health, nourishment etc (Mosley, Broyles Kaufman, 2014). Under this article, they used Post-test plan, contribution in the ILDP since the training plan make contact with to comprehensive a web-based review. Use scale and unlimited query, and they ask Student to rate the authority of ILDP on their approach/viewpoint regarding interprofessional perform, to account the incidence of employ of interdisciplinary ability, and to explain those power on the use of ability in a few element. In the result session, 208 respondents symbolize 60% of the students from 2001 throughout 2008. St udents statement that the yearlong Interdisciplinary Leadership Development Program, an addition to conservative control base training prejudiced their interprofessional approach, viewpoint, and utilize of interprofessional ability (Selesho Ntisa, 2014). In an appraisal that established these result, here explain the main responsibility of deliberation, individual leadership training in create these conclusion. Interprofessional training plan must anticipate offering judgment model for the relationship between training and the most wanted conclusion (Conger, 2013). References Conger, J. (2013). Mind the Gaps: What Limits the Impact of Leadership Education.J Ldrship Studies,6(4), 77-83. doi:10.1002/jls.21270 Mosley, C., Broyles, T., Kaufman, E. (2014). Leader-member Exchange, Cognitive Style, and Student Achievement.Journal Of Leadership Education,13(3), 50-69. doi:10.12806/v13/i3/rf4 Selesho, J., Ntisa, A. (2014). Impact of School Principal Leadership Style on Performance Management: A Schooling Agenda.Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p211

COIT20264 Network Design

Question: Discuss about the COIT20264 Network Design. Answer: Network Requirement. Network design revolves around the customer service, meaning that a network should be always up like 100 percent and this network need to be in a position to adjust to the dynamic traffic loads and prove consistency in response, hence these calls for careful planning and design. These are the requirements we need to put into consideration when designing a network that will meet the client needs. Always build a network having in mind that it need to be up all time, hence we need to have alternatives in situations that the network fails how are we going to recover from that error, also suppose there is an issue of equipment failure how are we going to tackle the situation also on issue of overload how are we going to come up with a network that will be able to tackle overload issues. It is a requirement that the network we build do support the applications we are using effectively; also we need to understand that the response time should be very high in communication of these apps between the host. Once we achieve these we will be having the most efficient network. Network security is an important requirement for the networks design as it is important that the company data are protected while being transmitted over these network as well as the data stored on the devices that are used to connect to it. A well secured network locks out scammer and people trying to infiltrate the network. Scalability, and easy to modify is another requirement of the network, it should allow for growth and make it easy to make changes in situation of company growth or there is business changes in the company. Network trouble shooting should be made easy because on several occasion failures do occur, hence recovery from these problem should be so easy and not time-consuming saving a lot for the company. Assumptions These are the basic fundamentals for the network design to achieve the goals Scalability-Network designs can be made in a way it allows room for growth to include new users in the company and increase the mobile site, it should support new application without causing an effect on service delivery of the current users. Availability-Networks designed for high availability are the best since it delivers consistently, provide reliable performance, in addition it has a recovery mechanism such that in case of a failure it will not impact on the network performance. Security-this is the most important feature of a network that is a must to be considered when coming up with a design and not after designing. It is so critical for safeguarding network resources. Manageability-we should come up with a network design that is easy to manage and support, a network that is complex will compromise on the effectiveness and efficiency of the network. (Oppenheimer, 2011) Logical Network Design When designing the network topology for this network we are going to take top-down approach. From these approach the network applications and the service requirements is first identified before the network is designed to support all. Generally we first ensure that the new design works handles all the functions before it is being implemented. With top down approach the designer gathers requirements by identifying the issues that affect the entire network and those affecting a given section; hence we can identify what our estimate can be in term of cost and time. a top down model we start from the application layer down to the physical layer With the Australian project, the network design requires us to implement a network design that involve manning of unmanned Ariel vehicles, we are going to use computers mounted on mobile cars in motion as well as link to the main data centre where all the controls of these equipment will be done; these are the applications the company needs. These network for transport will involve us of wireless network and satellite communications for those devices that are in constant motion so that the connectivity is not lost when these UAVs goes deep into the sea. It will involve the use of commercial network like an internet service provider to allow connectivity of these devices since we are using mobile application, so that they can easily communicate to the devices in the main data centre and be able to acquire the information about the fish quantity in a given area. Satellite will come in a situation where the farmers are deep in the sea where the telecommunication devices cannot reach the place hence ensuring reliability, consistency and efficiency in information delivery to the fishermen. These are the logical design for the network. (Froehlich, 2010) The AG network considers all the pc mounted vehicles, unmanned Ariel vehicles and any other device connected as a node in the network, it is capable of performing the services assigned to and exchange information. We have the main data centre where observation and admin task is operated as well as remote stations for management purposes, these stations interact with the unmanned Ariel vehicles and then it analyses the data obtained from the sea and provides out to their members so as to know the best part to carry out fishing. The data centre also is a storage point where users can retrieve some history data when they want to analyse the fishing pattern. Remote operator and the members of the company may interact with intermediate server to access information stored about the fishing report, they can also interact with the data processing system which interact with the unit tasked with collecting data so as to generate a precise report on fishing information. Network design for reliability For us to attain reliability of our network we will implement the Cisco three-layer hierarchical model made of core layer, distribution layer and the access layer. Core layer is mostly tasked for transporting data quickly and ensures reliability, hence always designer is to ensure core layer is fault tolerance and avoid delays in the network Switches and routers at the core layer provide high speed and reliable connectivity. The core network has more than one links connecting the server and supports virtual private networks as well as WAN access. This core layer design primary goals is to provide the company 100 percent uptime, maximize throughput and to facilitate growth in the company. Model for addressing and naming IP addressing The addressing scheme we are going to implement is the IP addresses to distinguish one network node from another. The IP address of devices in a network must be unique hence cannot be shared with any other node in the network simultaneously, a breach of that will make the router not know the best route to deliver packets to. Ip addresses are centrally allocated from the main data centre in our AG network so as to ensure that we avoid the issue of duplicate addressing, from these centre is where we also do subdivision of network to smaller sub-networks (subnets) so that it make it easy for network management. (Nikolaidis, 2002) IP assigning for the company we are going to use Dynamic IP address so as to make it easy for a new member to join the group since not all members are permanently in the network hence dynamic allocation makes it easy for network management. Routing and Switching Protocol IGP and EGP routing protocols. These protocols are base on the autonomous system,it is a collection of routers in a company which are commonly used Interior Gateway Protocols(IGP):these protocol is mostly for the internal network of the company Exterior Gateway Protocols(EGP):is the official protocol for use when connecting to the internet and by remote users to access the company . Distance Vector Routing Protocols It help us identify how far the device we getting information from hence choose the best way to relay information to the user, or we can channel the user to pick information from the nearest server so as to reduce the issue of delays. Distance Vector routing Protocol measure distance based on distance of the devices from the router and vector for purpose of the direction. These will enable the system choose the best shortest route to deliver the packets to destination. Network security Mechanism Physical Security Physical security is all about limiting access to the company network resources, either in a well locked area, protecting from natural and human-caused disaster. Physical security locks out unauthorised personel or people with no skills on handling of the network devices also it help to protect from bad weather or any hazards event that can cause physical damage on these devices like breakages. Authentication We need to authenticate the users requesting the services, it helps us separate members and non members of the company and prevent them from accessing data they are not subscribed to. Authorization We need to set privileges for users of these network and what transaction they are able to transact in the network, hence we have to set users and assign each their roles, we can assign an administrator to manage these network and set user privileges. Data Encryption We need to have an encryption algorithm for our network to encrypt the data as it transit over the networks that intruders are not able to alter the meaning of these messages in transit. Hence ensure data accuracy and confidentiality. Firewalls We need to have a network firewall that will only allow genuine data necessary for the company network, any other data not useful are locked out from infiltrating our network, and hence we protect our clients data, confidentiality and data integrity. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems This will detect any malicious activity in our network and it will raise a red flag to the administrator who is then able to act on the threat and introduce am mechanism to safe guard that event from not occurring anymore. (Gorodetsky, Kotenko and Skormin, 2005) References Froehlich, A. (2010). CCNA voice study guide. 1st ed. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub. Gorodetsky, V., Kotenko, I. and Skormin, V. (2005). Computer Network Security (vol. # 3685). 1st ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Nikolaidis, I. (2002). Cisco IP routing [Book Review]. IEEE Network, 16(2), pp.4-5. Oppenheimer, P. (2011). Top-down network design. 1st ed. Indianapolis, Ind.: Cisco Press.